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Medicine > common lab panels > Flashcards

common lab panels Flashcards

1
Q

CBC

A 
(complete blood count)
-WBC
     *monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils
-RBC
-Hgb ( hemoglobin)
-Hct ( hematocrit )
-RBC indices
     MCV
     MCH (hemoglobin)
     MCHC
     RDW
-platelet
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2
Q

BMP

A 
(basic metabolic panel)
Glucose
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
CO2
Creatinine
BUN (nitrogen)
Calcium
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3
Q

Hepatic Function

A 
ALT
ALT
Albumin
Alkaline Phosphatase
Bilirubin
GGT
Total protein
Prothrombin time
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4
Q

CMP

A 
(comprehensive metabolic panel)
BMP +
-Albumin
-AST
-ALT
-Bilirubin
-Total protein
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5
Q

Lipid panel

A 
Total cholesterol
HDL
LDL
Triglyceride level
VLDL
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6
Q

normal RBC levels

A

in peripheral venous blood
male 4.7-6.1
female 4.2-5.4
anemic (>10% below normal)

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7
Q

erythocytosis

A

excess RBC

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8
Q

normal hematocrit

A

male 42-52%
female 37-47%
critical 60%

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9
Q

normal hemoglobin

A

male 14-18g/dL
female 12-16 g/dL
pregnant female >11 g/dL

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10
Q

Rule of three

A 
Hgb = 3x RBC
Hct = 3x Hgb
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11
Q

normal MCV values

A

80-95 normocytic

95 macrocytic

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12
Q

MCV =

A

(Hct x 10) / RBC

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13
Q

MCH =

A

Hgb/RBC (amount of Hgb per RBC)

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14
Q

MCHC=

A

Hgb/Hct (conc of Hgb in an RBC)

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15
Q

normal MCHC values

A

32-36 % normochromic

<32% hypochromic

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16
Q

RDW

A

indicates cell size variability

normal 11-14.5%

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17
Q

anisocytosis

A 
elevated RDW (high variation in cell size)
may indicate sickle cell
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18
Q

poikilocytosis

A

abnormal shapes of cells/staining patterns

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19
Q

target cells

A

look like bull’s eyes

  • hemoglobinopathies
  • thalassemia
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20
Q

burr cells

A

look like burrs

  • uremia
  • liver disease
  • post splenectomy
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21
Q

spherocytes

A

look like spheres instead of oval

  • hereditary spherocytosis
  • acquired immunohemolytic anemia
22
Q

Heinz bodies

A

dark spot stains along periphery of cell

  • G6PD deficiency
  • alpha thallasemia
23
Q

Howell-jolly bodies

A

dark spot stains inside of cell

  • myelodysplasia
  • post splenectomy
  • Sjorgen syndrome antibody
24
Q

basophilic stippling

A

looks like granules of basophils

-lead poisoning

25
Q

schistocytes (helmet cells)

A

look like half of a cell

  • artificial valve
  • disseminated intravascular coagulation
  • thrombotic thromocytopenic purpura
  • hemolytic uremic syndrome
26
Q

normal reticulocyte values

A

0.5-2.0%

27
Q

aplastic anemia

A

low retic count

marrow can’t make new cells

28
Q

low retic count may indicate

A

no new cell production because of lack of bone marrow response or lack of materials (Fe, folate, B12)

29
Q

Reticulocyte index

A

% of total RBCs
retic % x (pts hematocrit/normal hematocrit)
>1.0 is good response

30
Q

normal ESR

A

male 15mm/hr

female 20 mm/hr

31
Q

elevated ESR indicates

A

chronic or acute inflammation
occult neoplasms
necrotic diseases
renal failure

32
Q

neutrophils

A

granulocytes
1st responders during infections and inflammation
2-5 lobe nucleus

33
Q

lymphocytes

A

agranulocytes

B and T cells work together to destroy foreign bodies

34
Q

plasma cell

A

B-lymphocyte memory cell

35
Q

eosinophils

A

granulocyte stains pink w/2 lobes of nucleus

present in parasitic attacks and allergic reactions

36
Q

basophil

A

granulocyte stains purple

store histamine and heparin

37
Q

monocytes

A

agranulocyte
present in chronic infections, chronic inflammatory disorders, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS preleukemia) and myeloid leukemia

38
Q

absolute neutrophil count (ANC)

A

<1000 indicates severe immunocompromised

39
Q

reasons why WBC may be increased

A

eating, physical activity, stress
pregnancy
PM hours
newborns and infants

40
Q

leukocytosis

A

increased WBC

41
Q

leukocytosis indicates

A 
infection
leukemic neoplasia
malignancy
trauma, stress, hemorrhage
tissue necrosis
inflammation
dehydration (hemoconcentration)
thyroid storm
steroid use
42
Q

leukopenia indicates

A 
drug toxicity (chemo)
bone marrow failure
overwhelming infections (body gives up)
dietary deficiency
congenital marrow aplasia
bone marrow infiltration
autoimmune disease
hypersplenism
43
Q

what is the correct order for performing lab tests?

A
  1. non-contrast (Xray, CT as is)
  2. iodinated (thyroid test)
  3. barium (common GI test)
44
Q

what kind of test tube do you use clot blood?

A

red top tube

45
Q

what kind of test tube do you use to separate serum?

A

tiger or green top tube (contains heparin)

46
Q

what kind of test tube do you use to prevent clotting for CBC, PT and INR?

A

purple top tube (contains EDTA)

47
Q

What kind of test do you use to prevent clotting for plasma testing?

A

blue top tube

48
Q

what order do you collect blood?

A
  1. blood cultures
  2. red top
  3. blue top
  4. green top
  5. purple
49
Q

where is erythropoeitin manufactured?

A

kidney

50
Q

what could cause the RBC count to be high?

A

severe dehydration

Medicine (146 decks)

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