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Medicine > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

fibrous joints

A

permit little to no movement

bones held tightly by fibrous CT

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2
Q

examples of fibrous joints

A
  • sutures in skull
  • syndesmoses (ligament connecting bone to bone)
  • gomphosis (periodontal ligament-teeth and mandible and maxilla)
  • interosseous membranes (radioulnal/tibialfibular)
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3
Q

synostosis

A

sutures of the skull once they have fused

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4
Q

synarthrosis

A

immovable joint

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5
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

slightly movable joint

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6
Q

diarthrosis

A

freely movable joint (synovial joints)

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7
Q

examples of cartilaginous joints

A

epiphyseal plate
symphysis
intervertebral joints

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8
Q

characteristics of cartilaginous joint

A

little or no movement

hyaline or fibrocartilage

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9
Q

examples of synovial joint

A

most joints of body

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10
Q

fibrous capsule

A

outside of joint capsule

made up of dense irregular CT

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11
Q

synovial membrane

A

interior of joint capsule

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12
Q

synovial fluid contains

A

nutrients, electrolytes, glucose, bathes the ends of the long bones

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13
Q

synoviocytes

A

cells that make synovial fluid inside the membrane

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14
Q

what is the function of the joint capsule

A

give the joint some stability and contains the synovial fluid

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15
Q

fibular collateral ligament (LCL)

A

connects femur to fibula (lateral side of knee joint)

-extracapsular

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16
Q

tibial collateral ligament (MCL)

A

connects femur to tibia (medial side of knee)

-extracapsular

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17
Q

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

connects knee joint inside

  • intracapsular
  • rupture allows tibia to move forward
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18
Q

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A

connects knee joint inside

  • intracapsular
  • rupture allows tibia to move backward
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19
Q

lateral meniscus

A

fibrocartilage

  • cushions,
  • shock absorption
  • give congruence
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20
Q

medial meniscus

A

fibrocartilage

-gives congruence

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21
Q

bursa

A

sac-like structures to reduce friction

-knee and shoulder, where skin and muscles rub over bone

22
Q

tendon sheath

A

protects tendon at joint to reduce friction

-especially in tight joint areas

23
Q

retinaculum

A

structure that retains an organ or tissue in place

-CT structure that anchors tendon sheath and tendon in place

24
Q

enthesis

A

the specific site where muscle or ligament attaches to bone

25
Q

examples of ball and socket joints

A

shoulder and hip

  • move in three directions
  • ab/adduction
  • medial/lateral rotation
  • extension (front and back in sagittal plane)
26
Q

examples of hinge joints

A

true elbow joint (trochlea, capitulum)
phalanges (PIP, DIP)
-flex and extend in sagitall plane

27
Q

modified hinge joint

A

knee joint

28
Q

examples of pivot joint

A 
radioulnar joint (contains anular ligament)
-"nurse maids elbow" radius moves from out of the anular ligament
29
Q

examples of plane joints

A

carpal bones-glide slightly

tarsals

30
Q

opposition

A

movement of the thumb

31
Q

examples of saddle joint

A

thumb (carpal with trapezium)

32
Q

example of condyloid joint

A

metacarpals with proximal phalange (MCP)
-flex and extend
-ab/adduction
wrist joint

33
Q

what joints are included in the knee?

A

femoropatellar

tibiofemoral (lateral and medial)

34
Q

shoulder sublux is common in

A

stroke patients
shoulder is not able to contract
(head of the humerus goes way down)
-treatment is a sling

35
Q

three bones that contribute to the acetabulum

A

ischium
pelvis
ilium

36
Q

os coxae

A

hip bone

37
Q

what are the landmarks of the TMJ?

A

mandibular condyle

mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

38
Q

what landmarks are associated with knee joint?

A

tibial plateau

femur condyle and patellar surface

39
Q

what is associated with ankle?

A

talus
medial malleolus of tibia
and lateral malleolus of fibula
(long healing time)

40
Q

what is the most congruent joint of the body?

A

ankle joint

41
Q

osteoarthritis

A

begins in the hyaline cartilage

-typically older pts or highly active younger pts

42
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

starts in the synovial fluid and eats away at hyaline

43
Q

autoimmune disorders that have characteristics of joints

A

SLE
ankylosing spondylitis
gout
psoriasis (psoriatic arthritis)
polymyositis (inflammatory changes in the muscle with muscle weakness that then affects the joints)
dermatomyositis (skin rash associated with polymyositis)

44
Q

osteophyte

A

bony overgrowth area associated with OA

45
Q

osteoarthritis affects which joints of the hands?

A

DIP (Heberden nodes) and PIP (Bouchard nodes)

46
Q

gout affects which joints

A

MTP

47
Q

what is the hallmark of RA?

A

red, hot inflammation

overgrowth of synovial membrane

48
Q

pannus

A

overgrowth of synovial membrane assoc with RA

49
Q

HLA

A

human leukocyte antigen

50
Q

which type of pathogen will more likely lead to an autoimmune presentation?

A

virus

51
Q

two most common cytokines related to inflammation

A

tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

interleukens

52
Q

rheumatoid nodules

A

inflammatory cells

usually on extensor surfaces

Medicine (146 decks)

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