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Medicine > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common immunologic method?

A

latex agglutination

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2
Q

what is a DNA probe?

A

identify the bug and the way to attack it

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3
Q

which antibodies form first?

A

IgM (7-14 days in)

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4
Q

why would you use a 2 titer approach?

A

are you in acute phase of disease or are you getting better?

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5
Q

streptococci

A

gram positive in chains

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6
Q

Group A beta hemolytic strep

A

S. pyogenes
DOC penicillin and amoxicillin
dx by culture and rapid ID test
serological dx by anti-treptolysin (ASO)

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7
Q

what dz are assoc with S. pyogenes?

A 
glomerulonephritis (rare)
rheumatic fever (rare)
pharyngitis
scarlet fever
cellulitis
TSS
necrotizing fascitis
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8
Q

what happens if strep is untreated in some of the situations?

A

rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis

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9
Q

Group B beta hemolytic strep

A

S. agalactiae
causes neonatal septicemia and meningitis
source in maternal genital tract
dx with maternal vaginal culture
intradelivery antibiotics for positive mothers

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10
Q

what is also assoc with group B strep?

A

post partum endometritis

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11
Q

Group C beta hemolytic strep

A

primarily animal pathogens but may be normal human flora

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12
Q

Group F beta hemolytic strep

A

dental abscesses, but infection uncommon

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13
Q

Group G beta hemolytic strep

A

animal pathogen, but can be normal human flora

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14
Q

S. viridans

A

alpha hemolytic strep
gram +
most common skin contaminant but normal in oral, throat, GI

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15
Q

what is S. viridans also assoc with?

A

opportunistic infections, wounds, bacteremia

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16
Q

what is the most common cause of bacterial endocarditis?

A

S. viridans

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17
Q

S. pneumoniae

A

alpha hemolytic gram +
community acquired pneumonia
and pneumococcal bacteremia if left untreated
most strains sensitive to penicillin

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18
Q

what is assoc with S. pneumoniae?

A

otitis media, meningitis, in children and older adults

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19
Q

what do you do with S. pneumoniae infection?

A

C&S and latex agglutination of CSF

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20
Q

Group D non hemolytic strep

A

S. bovis (affects animal handlers)

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21
Q

Enterococcus

A

E. faecalis and E. faecium
causes 20% of bacterial endocarditis and 10% of UTI
also causes nosocomial infections producing vancomycin-resistant strains (VRE)

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22
Q

staphylococci

A

gram positive in clusters

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23
Q

Staph aureus

A

assoc with purulent inflammation and causes abscesses
*most common cause of bacterial endocarditis in drug users
causes endotoxin with causes TSS

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24
Q

what is MRSA?

A

methicillin resistant staph aureus

-cause of nosocomial infections

25
Q

staph epidermidis

A

normal flora on skin
mostly assoc with indwelling devices (catheters, vascular grafts, joint prosthetics)
skin contaminant and eye surgery infection

26
Q

staph saprophyticus

A

common cause of bacterial UTI

often antibiotic resistant

27
Q

what color is gram positive?

A

blue

28
Q

what color is gram negative?

A

red

29
Q

neisseria gonorrhoeae

A 
gram negative diplococci
causes gonorrhea
typically asx in females, but not in males
strains are becoming resistant
causes PID or salpingitis
30
Q

neisseria meningitidis

A

most common type of meningitis in adults

dx by C&S and agglutination of CSF

31
Q

moraxella catarrhalis

A

gram negative diplococci found in URI

most common with ear and sinus infection

32
Q

E. coli

A

most common cause of UTI

most common cause of neonatal meningitis

33
Q

E. coli O157:H7

A

hemorrhagic colitis

34
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

a/w pneumonia in alcoholics and older adults

aspirated vomit

35
Q

proteus

A

cause of UTI in pts in hospital
P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris
normal flora of GI

36
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

nosocomial with UTI and septicemia
a/w severe burns, otitis externa and cystic fibrosis infections
known for high resistance and mortality

37
Q

gardnerella vaginalis

A

causes bacterial vaginosis

dx by clue cells in wet mount of discharge

38
Q

haemophilus

A

gram negative coccobacilli

39
Q

H. influenzae

A

most important species of croup

a/w otitis media (children), sinusitis, meningitis, bacteremia and pneumonia

40
Q

H. aegyptius

A

purulent conjunctivitis

41
Q

H. ducreyi

A

causes venereal chancroid

42
Q

pasteurella multocidas

A

dogs and cat bites

cellulitis occurs if left untreated

43
Q

H. pylori

A

mucus covering gastric mucosa
dx with gastric biopsy culture, urea breath test
acute and chronic gastricits, duodenal ulcer and gastric CA

44
Q

corynebacteria

A

gram positive bacilli

45
Q

C. diphtheriae

A

most important corynebacteria

46
Q

lactobacillus

A

normal genital tract flora

47
Q

listeria monocytogenes

A

causes infection from contaminated food (cheese, salads)
dx by culture
most common presents with meningitis and bacteremia

48
Q

clostridium perfringens

A

most common cause of gas gangrene

deep tissue wounds are more susceptible

49
Q

clostridium tenani

A 
causes tetanus (produces spores)
puncture wounds are at higher risk
50
Q

clostridium botulinum

A

produces botulism

produces an endotoxin (spores germinate in anaerobic conditions)

51
Q

clostridium difficile

A

pseudomembraneous colitis
a/w antibiotic use
major nosocomial infection

52
Q

chlamydia

A

coccobacillary organism

can only be grown in living cells

53
Q

chlamydia psittaci

A

associated with birds

54
Q

chlamydia pneumoniae

A

causes about 10% of pneumonia

55
Q

chlamydia trachomatis

A

causes lymphogranuloma venereum STD
huge lymph nodes in their groin
serology test
can cause urethritis and endocervicitis

56
Q

mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

atypical pneumonia
chest x-ray is LL mottled infiltrates
most common in college freshman and military recruits

57
Q

mycobacterium TB

A

acid fast bacillus

58
Q

what is the dx value of bacteria in UTI?

A

> 100,000 cfu/mL

59
Q

why is sputum culture difficult?

A

can be contaminated with oropharyngeal bacteria

Medicine (146 decks)

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