Skin, hair and nails

Question 1

Vellus hair

Answer 1

short, fine hair

Question 2

terminal hair

Answer 2

coarse, thick hair

Question 3

eccrine sweat gland

Answer 3

evenly distribute sweat glands on skin

Question 4

apocrine sweat gland

Answer 4

found in axillary and genital regions, stimulated by emotional stress

Question 5

ABCDE

Answer 5

asymmetry, borders (irregular), color change, diameter (>6mm), elevation

Question 6

basal cell carinoma

Answer 6

cancer of cells in the basal layer, most common, shiny, translucent, slow growing
scaly red to white-brownish patch
may itch or bleed

Question 7

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 7

cancer of cells on upper layer of epidermis, crusty, scaly, red, inflamed or ulcerated. Grows slowly and painlessly, but will grow rapidly after a while can spread (face, back of hands of older, fair skinned adults)

Question 8

melanoma

Answer 8

cancer of the melanocytes, most lethal b/c it metastasizes easily
mixes of colors
>6mm

Question 9

melanoma risk factors

Answer 9

having many moles
having a few atypical moles
red or light hair
actinic lentigenes
macular or tan spots (freckles)
heavy sun exposure
light eye or skin color
family history

Question 10

causes of central cyanosis

Answer 10

advanced lung disease
heart disease
abnormal hemoglobins

Question 11

carotenemia

Answer 11

excess carotene in the blood causes by carrot, sweet potato rich diet

Question 12

what to look for when examining lesion

Answer 12

1. location and distribution
2. patterns and shapes
3. consistency
4. color
5. mobility (turgor)
6. exudates (what is it draining)

Question 13

cafe-au-lait spot

Answer 13

more than six may indicate neurofibromatosis, irregular border macule or patch

Question 14

tinea versicolor

Answer 14

fungal infection of the skin
slightly scaly macules on trunk, neck and upper arms
may be pale (dark skin) or reddish (light skin)

Question 15

vitiligo

Answer 15

depigmented macules on face, hands, feet where melanocytes are destroyed
hereditary/autoimmune condition

Question 16

cyanosis

Answer 16

blue coloring (hypoxia)
peripheral or central

Question 17

erythema

Answer 17

red hue, increased blood flow

Question 18

heliotrope

Answer 18

violaceous eruption over the eyelids

Question 19

pityriasis rosea

Answer 19

reddish, oval ringworm-like lesions

Question 20

psoriasis

Answer 20

silvery, scaly lesions mainly on extensor surfaces (elbow, knee)

Question 21

atopic eczema

Answer 21

reddish

Question 22

serpiginous

Answer 22

creeping or having a wavy border

Question 23

annular, arciform

Answer 23

ring shaped

Question 24

macule

Answer 24

small, flat spot up to 1.0cm (freckles)

Question 25

patch

Answer 25

flat spot larger than 1.0cm (birthmark)

Question 26

plaque

Answer 26

elevated lesion 1.0cm or larger (grouping of papules) (psoriasis)

Question 27

papule

Answer 27

elevated lesion less than 1.0cm (chickenpox)

Question 28

nodule

Answer 28

marble like lesion larger than 0.5cm that is deeper and firmer than a papule (rheumatoid nodules, dermatofibroma) "boggy" typically painful

Question 29

wheal

Answer 29

irregular, transient area of localized swelling of the skin-allergic reaction (usually disappears within 24 hours)

Question 30

vesicle

Answer 30

less than 1.0cm filled with fluid (herpes)

Question 31

bulla

Answer 31

larger than 1.0cm filled with fluid (herpes)

Question 32

pustule

Answer 32

filled with pus (indicates infection)

Question 33

burrow

Answer 33

scabies (raised tunnel in the epidermis) linear

Question 34

scale

Answer 34

thin flake of exfoliated epidermis

Question 35

crust (2ndary)

Answer 35

dried residue of skin exudates (serum, pus or blood)

Question 36

lichenification

Answer 36

palpable thickening of the epidermis

Question 37

excoriation

Answer 37

scratching

Question 38

fissure (2ndary)

Answer 38

linear crack (often from dryness) athletes foot

Question 39

ulcer (2ndary)

Answer 39

deep loss of epidermis, bleeds and scars (bed sore)

Question 40

lentigo

Answer 40

non-raised patch, caused by sun damage, typically brown

Question 41

actinic keratosis

Answer 41

small, rough, raised area found on skin that has had long sun exposure (face, scalp, back of hands, chest) precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

Question 42

seborrheic keratosis

Answer 42

non-cancerous wart-like growths, face, chest, shoulders, back, typically develops after 40 yrs. velvety feel

Question 43

petechia

Answer 43

small, red spots, bleeding underneath the skin but outside the vessels (does not blanch) on the palate indicates strep pharyngitis

Question 44

intertriginous

Answer 44

between or under skin folds

Question 45

primary lesion

Answer 45

directly from an infectious process, palpable or non palpable (acne)

Question 46

secondary lesion

Answer 46

stems from a primary lesion (scarring from acne)-may be caused by constant contact with primary lesion (repeated itching)

Question 47

erosion (2ndary)

Answer 47

areas of skin where upper skin layer is lost (ckicken pox)

Question 48

purpuric lesion

Answer 48

outside vessels (petechia, ecchymosis)

Question 49

ecchymosis

Answer 49

larger than petechia >3mm, purplish, secondary to bruising, do not blanch, seen with bleeding disorders

Question 50

telangiectasia

Answer 50

small dilated vessels on skin or mucous membrane. usually on the face, will blanch

Question 51

spider angioma

Answer 51

usually benign can be up to 2 cm, usually on face, arms and upper trunk assoc. with pregnancy, liver disease (can't detox estrogen)

Question 52

spider vein

Answer 52

usually bluish in color, usually on legs, can accompany varicose vein

Question 53

dermatomal

Answer 53

covering a band of skin that corresponds to a nerve root (herpes zoster)- must describe which dermatom

Question 54

things to note on palpation of skin

Answer 54

``` temperature moisture texture turgor (elasticity) edema ```

Question 55

asteatosis

Answer 55

dry skin flaky, rough, itchy skin (hypothyroidism)

Question 56

variations in temperature

Answer 56

warm to cool = normal warm to hot = fever/infection or hyperthyroidism cool to cold = hypothyroidism or systemic disease

Question 57

raynauds

Answer 57

disease of the blood vessels | fingers will be cold

Question 58

alopecia areata

Answer 58

hair loss from an area of the body, usually scalp demarcated round patches of hair loss may be immune-mediated

Question 59

trichotillomania

Answer 59

hair loss from pulling or plucking anxiety, OCD varying lengths of hair

Question 60

tinea capitis

Answer 60

ringworm (fungal infection) | will see broken hairs

Question 61

paronychia

Answer 61

infection of nail bed | may spread around nail bed and will be painful

Question 62

herpetic whitlow

Answer 62

vesicular, contains serous fluid | infection of herpes virus

Question 63

onycholysis

Answer 63

separation of nail plate from nail bed at distal margin trauma, psoriasis, fungal infection (onychomycosis) diabetes, hyperthyroidism

Question 64

note when examining nails

Answer 64

brittle (hypothyroid) fine vs coarse dry vs oily

Question 65

leukonychia

Answer 65

white spots | usually related to trauma

Question 66

beau's lines

Answer 66

deep lines that indicate stopped cell division related to severe illness nail grows 1mm every 6-10 days

Question 67

Mee's lines

Answer 67

white line that appears like lunula arsenic poisoning, carbon monoxide sometimes heart failure,

Question 68

nail pitting

Answer 68

matrix like nail bed usually with psoriasis may also been seen in Reiters, sarcoidosis

Question 69

clubbing

Answer 69

chronic, persistent hypoxia | nail looks like a club

Question 70

Terry's nails

Answer 70

loss of vascularity assoc with liver disease and CHF, DM and malnutrition similar in appearance to Mee's lines, but ground glass appearance

Question 71

decubitus ulcer

Answer 71

pressure sore or bed sore

Question 72

cellulitis

Answer 72

infection in the skin, especially dermal