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Medicine > Skin, hair and nails > Flashcards

Skin, hair and nails Flashcards

1
Q

Vellus hair

A

short, fine hair

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2
Q

terminal hair

A

coarse, thick hair

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3
Q

eccrine sweat gland

A

evenly distribute sweat glands on skin

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4
Q

apocrine sweat gland

A

found in axillary and genital regions, stimulated by emotional stress

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5
Q

ABCDE

A

asymmetry, borders (irregular), color change, diameter (>6mm), elevation

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6
Q

basal cell carinoma

A

cancer of cells in the basal layer, most common, shiny, translucent, slow growing
scaly red to white-brownish patch
may itch or bleed

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7
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

cancer of cells on upper layer of epidermis, crusty, scaly, red, inflamed or ulcerated. Grows slowly and painlessly, but will grow rapidly after a while can spread (face, back of hands of older, fair skinned adults)

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8
Q

melanoma

A

cancer of the melanocytes, most lethal b/c it metastasizes easily
mixes of colors
>6mm

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9
Q

melanoma risk factors

A 
having many moles
having a few atypical moles
red or light hair
actinic lentigenes
macular or tan spots (freckles)
heavy sun exposure
light eye or skin color
family history
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10
Q

causes of central cyanosis

A

advanced lung disease
heart disease
abnormal hemoglobins

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11
Q

carotenemia

A

excess carotene in the blood causes by carrot, sweet potato rich diet

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12
Q

what to look for when examining lesion

A
  1. location and distribution
  2. patterns and shapes
  3. consistency
  4. color
  5. mobility (turgor)
  6. exudates (what is it draining)
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13
Q

cafe-au-lait spot

A

more than six may indicate neurofibromatosis, irregular border macule or patch

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14
Q

tinea versicolor

A

fungal infection of the skin
slightly scaly macules on trunk, neck and upper arms
may be pale (dark skin) or reddish (light skin)

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15
Q

vitiligo

A

depigmented macules on face, hands, feet where melanocytes are destroyed
hereditary/autoimmune condition

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16
Q

cyanosis

A 
blue coloring (hypoxia)
peripheral or central
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17
Q

erythema

A

red hue, increased blood flow

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18
Q

heliotrope

A

violaceous eruption over the eyelids

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19
Q

pityriasis rosea

A

reddish, oval ringworm-like lesions

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20
Q

psoriasis

A

silvery, scaly lesions mainly on extensor surfaces (elbow, knee)

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21
Q

atopic eczema

A

reddish

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22
Q

serpiginous

A

creeping or having a wavy border

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23
Q

annular, arciform

A

ring shaped

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24
Q

macule

A

small, flat spot up to 1.0cm (freckles)

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25
Q

patch

A

flat spot larger than 1.0cm (birthmark)

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26
Q

plaque

A

elevated lesion 1.0cm or larger (grouping of papules) (psoriasis)

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27
Q

papule

A

elevated lesion less than 1.0cm (chickenpox)

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28
Q

nodule

A

marble like lesion larger than 0.5cm that is deeper and firmer than a papule (rheumatoid nodules, dermatofibroma) “boggy” typically painful

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29
Q

wheal

A

irregular, transient area of localized swelling of the skin-allergic reaction (usually disappears within 24 hours)

30
Q

vesicle

A

less than 1.0cm filled with fluid (herpes)

31
Q

bulla

A

larger than 1.0cm filled with fluid (herpes)

32
Q

pustule

A

filled with pus (indicates infection)

33
Q

burrow

A

scabies (raised tunnel in the epidermis) linear

34
Q

scale

A

thin flake of exfoliated epidermis

35
Q

crust (2ndary)

A

dried residue of skin exudates (serum, pus or blood)

36
Q

lichenification

A

palpable thickening of the epidermis

37
Q

excoriation

A

scratching

38
Q

fissure (2ndary)

A

linear crack (often from dryness) athletes foot

39
Q

ulcer (2ndary)

A

deep loss of epidermis, bleeds and scars (bed sore)

40
Q

lentigo

A

non-raised patch, caused by sun damage, typically brown

41
Q

actinic keratosis

A

small, rough, raised area found on skin that has had long sun exposure (face, scalp, back of hands, chest) precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

42
Q

seborrheic keratosis

A

non-cancerous wart-like growths, face, chest, shoulders, back, typically develops after 40 yrs. velvety feel

43
Q

petechia

A

small, red spots, bleeding underneath the skin but outside the vessels (does not blanch) on the palate indicates strep pharyngitis

44
Q

intertriginous

A

between or under skin folds

45
Q

primary lesion

A

directly from an infectious process, palpable or non palpable (acne)

46
Q

secondary lesion

A

stems from a primary lesion (scarring from acne)-may be caused by constant contact with primary lesion (repeated itching)

47
Q

erosion (2ndary)

A

areas of skin where upper skin layer is lost (ckicken pox)

48
Q

purpuric lesion

A

outside vessels (petechia, ecchymosis)

49
Q

ecchymosis

A

larger than petechia >3mm, purplish, secondary to bruising, do not blanch, seen with bleeding disorders

50
Q

telangiectasia

A

small dilated vessels on skin or mucous membrane. usually on the face, will blanch

51
Q

spider angioma

A

usually benign can be up to 2 cm, usually on face, arms and upper trunk
assoc. with pregnancy, liver disease (can’t detox estrogen)

52
Q

spider vein

A

usually bluish in color, usually on legs, can accompany varicose vein

53
Q

dermatomal

A

covering a band of skin that corresponds to a nerve root (herpes zoster)- must describe which dermatom

54
Q

things to note on palpation of skin

A 
temperature
moisture
texture
turgor (elasticity)
edema
55
Q

asteatosis

A

dry skin
flaky, rough, itchy skin
(hypothyroidism)

56
Q

variations in temperature

A

warm to cool = normal
warm to hot = fever/infection or hyperthyroidism
cool to cold = hypothyroidism or systemic disease

57
Q

raynauds

A

disease of the blood vessels

fingers will be cold

58
Q

alopecia areata

A

hair loss from an area of the body, usually scalp
demarcated round patches of hair loss
may be immune-mediated

59
Q

trichotillomania

A

hair loss from pulling or plucking
anxiety, OCD
varying lengths of hair

60
Q

tinea capitis

A

ringworm (fungal infection)

will see broken hairs

61
Q

paronychia

A

infection of nail bed

may spread around nail bed and will be painful

62
Q

herpetic whitlow

A

vesicular, contains serous fluid

infection of herpes virus

63
Q

onycholysis

A

separation of nail plate from nail bed at distal margin
trauma, psoriasis, fungal infection (onychomycosis)
diabetes, hyperthyroidism

64
Q

note when examining nails

A

brittle (hypothyroid)
fine vs coarse
dry vs oily

65
Q

leukonychia

A

white spots

usually related to trauma

66
Q

beau’s lines

A

deep lines that indicate stopped cell division
related to severe illness
nail grows 1mm every 6-10 days

67
Q

Mee’s lines

A

white line that appears like lunula
arsenic poisoning, carbon monoxide
sometimes heart failure,

68
Q

nail pitting

A

matrix like nail bed
usually with psoriasis
may also been seen in Reiters, sarcoidosis

69
Q

clubbing

A

chronic, persistent hypoxia

nail looks like a club

70
Q

Terry’s nails

A

loss of vascularity
assoc with liver disease and CHF, DM and malnutrition
similar in appearance to Mee’s lines, but ground glass appearance

71
Q

decubitus ulcer

A

pressure sore or bed sore

72
Q

cellulitis

A

infection in the skin, especially dermal

Medicine (146 decks)

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