Hematology Flashcards
what does the buffy coat contain?
leukocytes and platelets
what is the function of blood?
deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells regulation body temperature transport wastes away from cells maintain pH maintain blood volume
what does plasma contain?
mostly water, albumin, fibrinogen, globulins (antibodies), electrolytes, nutrients (glucose, amino acids), gases (oxygen, CO2), waste products
where are most of the plasma proteins manufactured?
liver
what is the most abundant plasma protein?
albumin
what is a major function of albumin?
regulates water movement between interstitial space and osmotic pressure of blood
what is serum?
plasma minus coagulation factors
what is the precursor of all blood cells?
pluripotent stem cell (hemocytoblast)
what does RBC do with its nucleus?
makes hemoglobin
what are platelets?
cell fragments of megakaryocyte
what is erythropoeitin?
increase rate of production of RBC
excreted by the kidney
what suppresses bone marrow?
chemotherapy
what are cytokines?
cell encouraging factors-stimulate progenitor cells in the bone marrow
why is RBC biconcave?
increases surface area
felxibility
what kind of metabolism do RBC use?
anaerobic (does not use the oxygen that it carries)
what is Rouleaux?
how RBC go single file through capillaries
what causes higher viscosity?
increased red cells
what is spectrin?
protein in RBC that helps maintain shape
where does oxygen bind to hemoglobin?
iron group
what percentage of CO2 is attached to the hemoglobin?
20%
where is the rest of CO2 transported as in the blood?
bicarb
how do CO poisoning pts present?
ruby red skin and buccal mucosa
what is the role of NO?
vasodilation (more oxygen can reach the tissues)
where is EPO synthesized?
kidney
what is the stimulus to release more EPO?
hypoxia, decreased RBC or Hb or available O2
how does testosterone control blood volume?
increases EPO production by kidney
where is iron stored?
liver /ferritin
what is a cytochromes?
liver enzyme systems
what kind of anemia will B12 and folate deficiencies cause?
macrocytic anemia
what is intrinsic factor?
made in the stomach by the parietal cell that allows for B12 to be absorbed
what is stercobilin?
most common breakdown product of bilirubin
what toxic neurological problem results from high levels of bilirubin?
kernicterus-irreversible involuntary movement
what is autosplenectomy?
sickle cell patients that over time put scar tissue on spleen and it appears as if there is no spleen
what is polycythemia vera?
bone marrow cancer that creates too many cells
what is secondary polycythemia?
smokers or ppl at high altitude
kidney detects hypoxia and makes more EPO
