Hematology

Question 1

what does the buffy coat contain?

Answer 1

leukocytes and platelets

Question 2

what is the function of blood?

Answer 2

deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells
regulation body temperature
transport wastes away from cells
maintain pH
maintain blood volume

Question 3

what does plasma contain?

Answer 3

mostly water, albumin, fibrinogen, globulins (antibodies), electrolytes, nutrients (glucose, amino acids), gases (oxygen, CO2), waste products

Question 4

where are most of the plasma proteins manufactured?

Answer 4

liver

Question 5

what is the most abundant plasma protein?

Answer 5

albumin

Question 6

what is a major function of albumin?

Answer 6

regulates water movement between interstitial space and osmotic pressure of blood

Question 7

what is serum?

Answer 7

plasma minus coagulation factors

Question 8

what is the precursor of all blood cells?

Answer 8

pluripotent stem cell (hemocytoblast)

Question 9

what does RBC do with its nucleus?

Answer 9

makes hemoglobin

Question 10

what are platelets?

Answer 10

cell fragments of megakaryocyte

Question 11

what is erythropoeitin?

Answer 11

increase rate of production of RBC

excreted by the kidney

Question 12

what suppresses bone marrow?

Answer 12

chemotherapy

Question 13

what are cytokines?

Answer 13

cell encouraging factors-stimulate progenitor cells in the bone marrow

Question 14

why is RBC biconcave?

Answer 14

increases surface area

felxibility

Question 15

what kind of metabolism do RBC use?

Answer 15

anaerobic (does not use the oxygen that it carries)

Question 16

what is Rouleaux?

Answer 16

how RBC go single file through capillaries

Question 17

what causes higher viscosity?

Answer 17

increased red cells

Question 18

what is spectrin?

Answer 18

protein in RBC that helps maintain shape

Question 19

where does oxygen bind to hemoglobin?

Answer 19

iron group

Question 20

what percentage of CO2 is attached to the hemoglobin?

Answer 20

20%

Question 21

where is the rest of CO2 transported as in the blood?

Answer 21

bicarb

Question 22

how do CO poisoning pts present?

Answer 22

ruby red skin and buccal mucosa

Question 23

what is the role of NO?

Answer 23

vasodilation (more oxygen can reach the tissues)

Question 24

where is EPO synthesized?

Answer 24

kidney

Question 25

what is the stimulus to release more EPO?

Answer 25

hypoxia, decreased RBC or Hb or available O2

Question 26

how does testosterone control blood volume?

Answer 26

increases EPO production by kidney

Question 27

where is iron stored?

Answer 27

liver /ferritin

Question 28

what is a cytochromes?

Answer 28

liver enzyme systems

Question 29

what kind of anemia will B12 and folate deficiencies cause?

Answer 29

macrocytic anemia

Question 30

what is intrinsic factor?

Answer 30

made in the stomach by the parietal cell that allows for B12 to be absorbed

Question 31

what is stercobilin?

Answer 31

most common breakdown product of bilirubin

Question 32

what toxic neurological problem results from high levels of bilirubin?

Answer 32

kernicterus-irreversible involuntary movement

Question 33

what is autosplenectomy?

Answer 33

sickle cell patients that over time put scar tissue on spleen and it appears as if there is no spleen

Question 34

what is polycythemia vera?

Answer 34

bone marrow cancer that creates too many cells

Question 35

what is secondary polycythemia?

Answer 35

smokers or ppl at high altitude

kidney detects hypoxia and makes more EPO