Genetics Review

Question 1

how many autosomes do we have?

Answer 1

22 sets

Question 2

how many sex chromosomes do we have?

Answer 2

1 set

Question 3

how amino acids does the body contain?

Answer 3

20

Question 4

what is the enzyme responsible for replicating DNA?

Answer 4

DNA polymerase

Question 5

when do boys sperm reach meiosis II production?

Answer 5

puberty

Question 6

when do girls eggs reach meiosis II production?

Answer 6

all eggs are formed in infancy but finish m II after puberty

• all eggs will be impacted with teratogen exposure
• eggs age more

Question 7

what are exons?

Answer 7

places where the information is held

Question 8

what are introns?

Answer 8

places where information doesn’t code for any proteins

Question 9

what is a germinal mutation?

Answer 9

genetic change occurring during formation of an egg or a sperm

Question 10

what is a somatic mutation?

Answer 10

when the change occurs after conception

Question 11

what is nondisjunction?

Answer 11

failure of chromosomes pairs to separate

-can happen in meisosi 1 or 2

Question 12

what is an aneuploid cell?

Answer 12

a cell that does not contain the usual multiple of 23 chromosomes (may be more or less)

Question 13

what is a translocation?

Answer 13

relocation of chromosome arm to another place

Question 14

what is an unbalanced abnormality?

Answer 14

there is a gain or loss of genetic material

Question 15

what is a balanced abnormality?

Answer 15

there is no change in amount of genetic material but a dislocation of material

Question 16

what is the prognosis of a fetus with monosomy?

Answer 16

lethal, not compatible with life

Question 17

what are the most frequent locations of trisomy?

Answer 17

13,18,21

-16 often aborted fetus

Question 18

which are the pyrimidines?

Answer 18

cytosine

thymine

Question 19

which are the purines?

Answer 19

adenine

guanine