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Medicine > Cardiovascular Exam 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

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2
Q

HF

A

heart failure

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3
Q

NCEP

A

national cholesterol education program (gives evidence-based guidelines of risk for CAD)

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4
Q

what is the fasting recommendation for LDL draw?

A

9-12 hours

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5
Q

what is a good total cholesterol?

A

<200 mg/dL

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6
Q

what is a borderline high total cholesterol?

A

200-239

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7
Q

what is a high total cholesterol?

A

> 240

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8
Q

what are the CHD risk equivalents?

A 
DM (controlled or uncontrolled)
PVD (build up of plaque in the legs)
AAA
Carotid artery disease
10 yr risk of more than 20%
(as good as having a positive finding on an angiogram)
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9
Q

what is a low value of HDL?

A

<40

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10
Q

what is a high value of HDL?

A

> 60

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11
Q

PND?

A

paroxsymal nocturnal dyspnea

-fluid covering over the lungs that accumulates overnight causes the pt to wake up SOB and get up quickly

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12
Q

why does orthopnea happen?

A

when they lay down, fluid covers their lungs and they can’t breathe

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13
Q

paroxsymal

A

comes and goes

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14
Q

what typically aggravates cardiac disease?

A

exertion

-increase oxygen demand of the heart

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15
Q

what alleviates cardiac pain?

A

resting

aspirin

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16
Q

what is the difference between ischemia and infarction?

A

ischemia is transient and the heart is not getting oxygen (partial block of an area)
infarction means dead tissue

17
Q

what happens during edema related to cardiac issues?

A

heart is not dealing with fluid appropriately and the excess fluid goes into the interstitial spaces

18
Q

press your finger in and the dent stays

A

pitting edema

19
Q

dependent edema

A

extremities that are most affected by gravity

20
Q

what is hyperlipidemia?

A

elevated cholesterol

21
Q

precordium

A

areas where you listen over the chest

22
Q

what factors determine venous pressure?

A

blood volume
RH function-first place where blood enters the heart
LV output
(they are generally flat and can’t be seen)

23
Q

JVD (jugular venous distention) may indicate

A

potential increase in RA pressure

problem with the heart (back up in the heart, which backs up into the venous structures)

24
Q

increased blood volume is a normal finding in

A

pregnancy

25
Q

what is the leading cause of R sided heart failure?

A

L sided heart failure

26
Q

what are some causes of R heart problems?

A 
pericarditis
cardiac tamponade
RV hypertrophy
obstruction of any kind
tricuspid stenosis
27
Q

what causes flattened neck veins?

A

hypovolemia

28
Q

what is the first sign of left sided HF?

A

dyspnea

fluid backs up into the lungs

29
Q

what is the first sign of R sided HF?

A

pedal edema

fluid backs up into the body

30
Q

which JV is the most lateral?

A

external JV

31
Q

what differentiates the carotid from the jugular?

A

pulsations
carotid is more bump/bump
jugular is more undulating

Medicine (146 decks)

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