Renal

Question 1

what is osmolarity of blood?

Answer 1

280-300

Question 2

where does ammonia and urea come from?

Answer 2

breakdown of amino acids

Question 3

what is filtration?

Answer 3

using hydrostatic pressure to filter out selective solutes

Question 4

what is a renal corpusle?

Answer 4

glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule

Question 5

which renal artery is shorter?

Answer 5

left

Question 6

which is the longest renal vein?

Answer 6

left (has to cross over artery)

Question 7

which one is the lower kidney?

Answer 7

right (liver is above it)

Question 8

what is the hilum of the kidney?

Answer 8

where all arteries and veins enter the kidney

Question 9

what is the renal capsule made of?

Answer 9

dense irregular CT

Question 10

what is the renal fascia made of?

Answer 10

dense irregular CT-anchors kidney to wall

Question 11

what is the point of the renal pyramids called?

Answer 11

renal papilla

Question 12

what is the renal sinus?

Answer 12

where the hilum expands into a cavity

Question 13

how much blood does the kidney receive?

Answer 13

25% of the cardiac output

Question 14

what is the arterial renal pathway?

Answer 14

renal artery
segmental arteries
interlobar artery
arcuate artery
cortical radiate artery
glomerulus capillaries
efferent arterioles
peritubular capillaries

Question 15

what is the venous renal pathway?

Answer 15

peritubular capillaries
cortical radiate vein
arcuate vein
interlobar vein

Question 16

which glomerular capillary has the largest diameter?

Answer 16

afferent

creates a greater pressure gradient

Question 17

what components should be in the filtrate?

Answer 17

glucose
electrolytes (sodium, potassium)
amino acids

Question 18

what is a cortical nephron?

Answer 18

has a short loop of Henle
efferent arteriole supplies peritubular capillaries
most common nephron

Question 19

what is a juxtamedullary nephron?

Answer 19

has a long loop of Henle

efferent arterioles supplies vasa recta (around loop, not peritubular capillaries)

Question 20

whose job is it to retain water?

Answer 20

juxtamedullary nephrons