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medicine > Neuro Assessment > Flashcards

Neuro Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

when might tendon reflexes be heightened?

A

hyperreflexia, caused by CNS lesions

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2
Q

what is somatic pain?

A

classic pain felt with injury, typically on the periphery

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3
Q

what is visceral pain?

A

vague, not easy to localize, think abdominal organ

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4
Q

what is neuropathic pain?

A

burning, electrical pain due to specific disease of nerves

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5
Q

what is dyesthesia?

A

abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling of the skin

-diabetic peripheral neuropathy

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6
Q

what is paresthesia?

A

peculiar sensation without obvious stimulation

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7
Q

what is allodynia?

A

when a normally painless stimulus is now painful

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8
Q

what are common causes of syncope?

A

CNS/PNS disorder
cardiac
volume
vasovagal

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9
Q

what is a resting tremor?

A

most prominent at rest, but decreases with activity

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10
Q

what is a postural tremor?

A

comes on when you maintain a posture

-hyperthyroidism

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11
Q

what is an intention tremor?

A

comes on when you go to do an action

-associated with cerebellar problems

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12
Q

what is chorea?

A

brief, rapid, jerky, but not repeated

-Huntingtons

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13
Q

what is dystonia?

A

twisting positions with trunk

-affect of medicines

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14
Q

what is athetosis?

A

twisting positions associated with distal extremities

-CP

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15
Q

what is a focal seizure?

A

specific part of one cerebral hemisphere is affected

-may be with or without impaired consciousness

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16
Q

what is a generalized seizure?

A

originates at some focal point and rapidly spread through cortical structures

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17
Q

what is a tonic-clonic seizure?

A

muscle contraction, then jerking (grand mal)

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18
Q

what is an absence seizure?

A

typically affects cognition and level of consciousness

19
Q

what is a myoclonic seizure?

A

muscular jerking that is localized to certain muscle groups

20
Q

what is an atonic seizure?

A

rapid weakening

21
Q

what are the levels of consciousness?

A

Alert ->lethargic ->obtunded -> stupor -> coma

22
Q

what will an obtunded person do?

A

have to speak to loudly and may answer a few questions

23
Q

what will a stuporous person do?

A

give you non-sensical mumbling

24
Q

what is orientation x 4?

A

who, where, when, why

person, place, time, situation

25
Q

what is delirium?

A

acute, short-term altered mental status

26
Q

what are possible causes of delirium?

A

uremia
alcohol withdrawal
acute infection (high fever)
toxicity

27
Q

what is dementia?

A

long term altered mental status associated with progressive brain dz

28
Q

what are possible causes of dementia?

A

B12 deficiency
thyroid dz
alzheimers
vascular

29
Q

what is aphonia/dysphonia?

A

abnormal quality of speech

  • hoarseness, high or low pitch
  • laryngial problems
30
Q

what is dysarthria?

A

someone speaking with marbles in their mouth -saying the right thing, but the muscles that form the words are impaired

31
Q

what are the types of aphasia?

A

Broca’s-expressing words

Wernickes-understanding words and expressing with meaning

32
Q

what are good recent memory questions?

A

what was the weather like this morning?

33
Q

what are good remote memory questions?

A

what is your birthday?

who was the past president?

34
Q

why would you use a proverb as part of the neuro assessment?

A

assess abstract thinking

35
Q

when might you test CN I?

A

elderly pts who are losing weight and may have lost sense of smell

36
Q

which facial muscles are innervated by trigeminal?

A

temporalis and masseter

37
Q

what sensory input is facial nerve responsible for?

A

anterior 2/3 of tongue

38
Q

what is bell’s palsy?

A

peripheral cranial nerve VII problem

39
Q

motor neurons in the brain that synapse with facial neurons that control lower face always do what?

A

cross at the level of the brain

40
Q

a peripheral facial nerve lesion will cause what symptoms?

A

inability to close eye and mouth on same side (upper and lower sections)

41
Q

a central facial nerve lesion will cause what symptoms?

A

lower section of face on one side (brain neurons that don’t cross still innervate upper section)
-forehead sparing

42
Q

what motor responsibility does CN IX have?

A

pharynx

43
Q

what motor responsibility does CN X have?

A

palate, pharynx, larynx

44
Q

what sensory responsibility does CN IX have?

A

pharynx, taste of posterior 1/3 of tongue

posterior eardrum and canal

medicine (146 decks)

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