Hematology and Anemias Flashcards by Faith Hislop

hypoproliferation

decreased production of RBC

OR produced defective RBC

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hemolysis

increased destruction of RBC

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hemorrhage

blood loss produces anemia

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erythropoeitin (Epo)

produced in the kidney which senses hypoxia

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common symptoms of anemia are

weakness and fatigue

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anemia due to decreased O2 transport presents with

fatigue
dsypnea
angina

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anemia due to decreased blood volume presents with

pallor
postural hypotension 
syncope
headache
tinnitus (ringing in the ears)

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anemia due to decreased cardiac output presents with

tachycardia
systolic ejection (heart murmur)
lightheaded

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anemia due to hemolysis of RBC presents with

jaundice

splenomegaly

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3 tests that indicate iron deficiency anemia

serum iron
total binding iron capacity (TIBC)
ferritin

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serum iron normal value

60-170 mcg/dcl

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TIBC normal value

measurement of transferrin

240-450 mcg/dcl

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ferritin normal value

measurement of amount of ferritin in blood
male 12-300 ng/ml
female 12-150 ng/ml

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site of absorption of iron

duodenum and upper jejunum

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site of absorption of B12

terminal ileum and stored in liver

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pernicious anemia

lack of intrinsic factor of autoimmune destruction of parietal cells

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2 tests to indicate B12 anemia

2. serum B12

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normal serum B12 reading

160-950 pg/dl

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site of absorption of folate/folic acid

proximal jejunum

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normal range of folate

2.7-17.0 ng/ml

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test to indicate folate anemia

CBC (macrocytic anemia)

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chronic GI bleed would have

decreased serum iron

decreased ferritin

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Heavy menstrual bleeding would have

decreased serum iron

decreased ferritin

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malabsorption of iron would have

decreased serum iron

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insufficient dietary iron would have

low serum iron

pregnancy would have

low serum iron | high TIBC

anemia of chronic disease would have

low serum iron low TIBC high ferritin

iron deficiency anemia would have

decreased serum iron increased TIBC decreased ferritin

hemolytic anemias would have

high serum iron low TIBC (free iron is binding to transferrin) high ferritin

hemosiderosis/hemochromatosis would have

high serum iron high TIBC high ferritin

hepatic necrosis would have

high serum iron

hepatitis and cirrhosis would have

high serum iron low TIBC high ferritin

vitamin B deficiency would have

high serum iron | low TIBC

iron poisoning would have

high serum iron

multiple blood transfusions would have

high serum iron

sickle cell anemia would have

high serum iron | low TIBC

hypoproteinemia would have

low TIBC

Polycythemia vera would have

high TIBC

Contraceptives (OCPs) could cause

high TIBC low serum B12 low serum folate

Hodgkins lymphoma would have

high ferritin

megaloblastic (macrocytic) anemia would have

high ferritin

any inflammatory disorder would have

high ferritin

sideroblastic anemai would have

body produces ringed sideroblasts, instead of healthy RBC high serum iron normal TIBC high ferritin

vitamin B12 is obtained by the body through

dietary sources (meats, cheese, milk and eggs)

folate is obtained by the body through

dietary sources (leafy greens, liver and eggs)

iron deficiency anemia is a

microcytic anemia

anemia of chronic disease can be

microcytic or normoocytic

thalassemia is a

microcytic anemia

sideroblastic anemia is a

microcytic anemia

lead poisoning is a

microcytic anemia

renal failure causes

normocytic anemia

myelodysplastic syndrome causes

normocytic and macrocytic anemia

endocrinopathy causes

normocytic anemia

aplastic anemia is a

normocytic anemia

RBC aplasia is a

normocytic anemia

myelofibrosis causes

normocytic anemia

myelophthisis causes

normocytic anemia

hemolytic anemia with low retic count can be

normocytic or macrocytic anemia

mixed micro and macrocytic anemia can present as

normocytic anemia

multiple myeloma causes

normocytic anemia

pernicious anemia is a

macrocytic anemia specific type of vitamin B deficiency where by parietal cells of the stomach are killed and no longer secrete instrinsic factor which is needed by the ileum to absorb vitamin B

folate deficiency is a

macrocytic anemia

alcohol and drugs causes

macrocytic anemia

hypothyroidism causes

macrocytic anemia

liver disease causes

macrocytic anemia