Musculoskeletal Day 2 Flashcards
damage of spinal cord below L2 resembles what?
peripheral nerve lesion
-varies in presentation
damage of spinal cord above L2 resembles what?
spinal cord injury
what is a level of lesion?
last remaining 3+ muscle strength
what spinal cord fracture would allow a pt to walk?
T8 or below
what lesion would result in death most likely?
anything above C3
-goes to the diaphragm and you quit breathing
what is characterized by tenderness, pain on movement of neck, and taught bands of musculature on palpation?
cervical strain
-usually lasts longer than stiff neck
what is characterized by local tenderness, pain with certain movements and lasts usually 1-4 days?
“stiff neck”
what kind of neck pain is characterized by neck pain with radiating to arm?
cervical radicular pain
in cervical radiculopathy, pain would be worse with
coughing, sneezing, straining
what causes cervical radiculopathy?
herniated disc or DDD with spurring
cervical cord compression could be caused by
herniated disc
DDD with spurring (arthritis)
trauma (car crash)
what does a positive babinski sign indicate?
spinal cord damage
what is treatment for spinal cord injury?
decompress and stabilize with a cage
what is the most common LBP?
mechanical
when is mechanical LBP aggravated?
moving, lifting, twisting
when is mechanical LBP alleviated?
rest
will mechanical LBP go below the knee?
no, if it does, it is something else
what risk factors are involved with older women with mech LBP?
long term steroid use
think: osteoporosis
compression fx
what do muscle spasms do?
limits your movement to protect the area tht is involved
what will mechanical LBP not have?
motor/sensory/reflex abnormalities
what PE findings accompany osteoporosis?
percussion tenderness over spinous process
Fxs elsewhere
thoracic kyphosis
what characterizes radicular LBP?
shooting pain radiating below the knee in a dermatomal distribution-numbness, tingling
*worse with sitting, bending, coughing, sneezing, straining
what is a common cause of radicular LBP?
herniated IV disc with compression or traction of nerve
why does sitting increase radicular LBP?
pressure on front of disc increases and pushes disc farther backward
what would cause a positive straight leg test?
herniated disc
what is lumbar stenosis?
pseudoclaudication
-pain in back of legs that worsens with walking and gets better with sitting
what causes lumbar stenosis?
combination of DDD and OA that narrows the spinal canal
which patients will most likely have lumbar stenosis?
> 65 yo
what are the PE findings of ankylosing spondylitis?
loss of normal lumbar lordosis
muscle spasms
anterior and lateral flexion
what is DISH?
diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
what is a PE finding of DISH?
flexion and immobility of spine
pt presents with back pain that is worse at night and unrelieved by rest, what would you be suspicious of?
malignancy
referred pain with normal spinal movements and ROM would cause suspicion for…
abdominal or pelvic problems
what is the most commonly separated shoulder joint?
acromoclavicular joint
what is considered the “shoulder joint”
glenohumoral joint
what are the rotator cuff muscles?
SITS supraspinatous infraspinatous teres minor subscapularis
how is the rotator cuff most commonly injured?
by the arm having to slow down
-eccentric contraction
what are the axioscapular muscles?
rotate the shoulder internally
- trap
- rhomboids
- serratus anterior
- levator scapulae
what are the axiohumoral muscles?
internal rotation of the shoulder
- pec major
- pec minor
- latissimus dorsi
