Reproductive Flashcards
what kicks off puberty?
hypothalamus secretesGnRH which causes anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH
what is the normal position of the uterus called?
antevertid
what does the round ligament do?
holds uterus forward
which ligament drapes the uterus?
broad ligament
which ligament attaches ovaries to the uterus?
ovarian ligament
which part of the broad ligament connects to the fallopian tubes?
mesosalpinx
which ligament attaches ovaries to the lateral wall?
suspensory ligament
-major passageway for blood vessels
what is the capsule of the ovary called?
tunica albuginea (dense CT)
what part of the ovary contains CT, blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics?
medulla
what type of cells are the germinal epithelium?
simple cuboidal
what is the initial cell?
oogonia (diploid)
what is oogenesis?
formation of gametes in the ovary (begins before birth in females)
how many layers of follicular cells surround primordial oocytes?
one layer
what is the zona pellucida?
surrounding capsule of oocyte that contains glycoproteins
where would you find theca folliculi?
late stage of primary follicle
when does the antrum begin to develop?
secondary follicle
what does the theca externa do?
secretes estrogen
when does the completion of meiosis take place during follicule maturation?
secondary follicle
what is the main hormone that the corpus luteum secretes?
progesterone (to maintain pregnancy)
where does fertilization occur?
outer third of fallopian tube (ampulla)
what does the fimbriae do?
sweeps oocyte into fallopian tube
what is the infundibulum of the fallopian tube?
first part after the fimbriae (ciliated cells)
what is the interstitial segment?
thin area between fallopian tube and uterus
what is the vesicouterine pouch?
pouch between bladder and uterus
what is the rectouterine pouch?
pouch between rectum and uterus (pouch of douglas)
what is the role of progesterone?
proliferation of vasculature
what is the stratum functionalis?
is what is sloughs off during menstruation
what does the mucous do around the time of ovulation?
becomes less viscous and more alkaline
at what phase of meiosis do primary oocytes stop prior to puberty?
prophase I
what layers does the theca folliculi form in the secondary follicle?
theca interna (secretes estrogen) theca externa (stromal cells/collagen)
what happens to the oocyte when it forms a graafian follicle?
completes meiosis I (1 haploid cells + 1 polar bodies)
what stage of meiosis II does the oocyte stop at prior to fertilization?
metaphase II
what is the corona radiata?
granulosa cells that become firmly attached to the oocyte
in addition to progesterone, what hormones does the corpus luteum secrete?
relaxin
inhibin
what is the role of the cardinal ligament?
holds cervix in place (from pelvic wall to cervix and vagina)
which artery supplies the uterus?
branch of internal illiac artery
what is the progression of arteries that penetrate into the uterine tissue?
arcuate
radial
straight arterioles (supply basalis)
spiral arterioles (supply functionalis)
how does cervical mucous change during ovulation?
becomes more alkaline
what is the most abundant form of estrogen in non-pregnant women?
beta-estradiol
what action stimulates stratum functionalis to slough?
prostaglandins cause uterine spiral arterioles to constrict which cuts off nutrients
what hormones do follicles release?
estrogens
inhibin
progesterone
relaxin
what does the corpus luteum become?
a blood clot
