Abdominal Day 2 Flashcards
what is obstipation?
complete lack of BM seen in bowel obstruction
what is steatorrhea?
fatty stools seen in malabsorption
what is tenesmus?
intense urge with straining but with little result seen in conditions involving the anal sphincter
what is an acholic stool?
gray or light colored stool that lacks bile because of some kind of obstruction
what might present with belly pain and LOW grade fever?
appendicitis
diverticulitis
cholecystitis
(slow developing)
what might present with belly pain and HIGH grade fever?
cholangitis
UTI
PID
perforation with peritonitis
what do you observe on the abdomen (1)?
contour
symmetry
visible masses /hernias
scars
striae
rashes/ lesions
what do you observe on the abdomen (2)?
dilated veins (IVC obst or cirrhosis)
discoloration
peristalsis
what is diastasis recti?
where midline muscle pops up when pt moves (common in babies)
what color are striae in Cushings?
blue/purple
what is capat medusae?
distended vasculature in the belly
what is cullen’s sign?
discoloration around the umbalicus
-indicates bleeding within the abdominal cavity (pancreatitis)
what is the Grey-Turner’s sign?
discoloration around the flank region (bruising)
-indicates intraabdominal bleeding
what side do you use for belly sounds?
diaphragm
what do you assess for on auscultation?
bowel sounds and bruits
what would indicate absent/hypoactive bowel sounds?
no sounds after a minute or two
what is borborigymi?
high pitched tinkle bowel sound
-may mean hyperactive bowel or potential obstruction
what sound predominates in the belly?
tympany
what type of aorta may be palpated?
distended
-greater than 5.5 cm indicates need for surgery
what would light palpations identify?
abdominal tenderness
muscular resistance
superficial organs
what would deep palpations identify?
identify masses peritoneal signs -localization -cough -rebound (est peritoneal inflammation)
what is the normal size of the liver?
6-12 cm
where do you percuss to find size of liver?
midclavicular line
what is CVA on abdominal exam?
costovertebral angle tenderness for kidney tenderness
what is Rovsing’s sign?
referred pain to RLQ when LLQ is palpated
what is referred rebound sign?
RLQ pain when LLQ pain palpation is released with rebound
what is psoas sign?
pain when pt tries to lift leg against resistance
what is obturator sign?
abdominal pain when hip is flexed and internally rotated
what is tenderness at McBurney’s point?
diagonal area from umbilicus to RLQ where appendix pain would present
what is Murphy’s sign?
deeply palpate costal margin at rectus muscle and have pt take a deep breath.
positive sign would have increased tenderness or respiration halts
what would cause visible peristalsis?
intestinal obstruction
what abdominal bruits would be considered normal?
if they are heard only during systole
