HIV lecture 1

Question 1

what is the definition of HIV?

Answer 1

infection with retrovirus that depletes CD4+lymphocytes

Question 2

what is the definitino of AIDS?

Answer 2

CD4 count < 200 OR any of the following

• thrush
• pneumocystis jirovechii pneumonia
• cryptococcal meningitis
• toxoplasmosis of CNS
• Karposi’s sarcoma

(you won’t get these unless you have HIV or impaired T-cell functioning)

Question 3

what are the antiretroviral agents?

Answer 3

integrase inh

fusion inh

CCR5inh

NNRTI

NRTI

PI

Question 4

who is at a greater risk for contraction HIV?

Answer 4

ppl with STDs (herpes, syphillis-lack skin barrier)

African Americans

Question 5

HIV risk for uninfected pt depends on many factors, including…

Answer 5

infected persons viral load

recipients immune system

quantity of exposure

Question 6

what two co-receptors does HIV bind to?

Answer 6

CCR5 and CXCR4

present on the surface of CD4+ t lymphocyte

Question 7

what does reverse transcriptase do?

Answer 7

converts single stranded viral RNA into viral DNA

Question 8

what does HIV do to “hide” in the cell?

Answer 8

HIV DNA enters host nucleus and the enzyme integrase hides HIV DNA within the host cell’s own DNA

Question 9

what is the provirus?

Answer 9

the integrated HIV DNA

-remains dormant for many years

Question 10

why is RNA polymerase not a target of therapy?

Answer 10

our normal cells need it

Question 11

what does protease do?

Answer 11

helps in assembling HIV proteins

Question 12

what are typical symptoms of acute HIV?

Answer 12

fever

fatigue

tender adenopathy

Question 13

what will give the best index of suspicion of HIV?

Answer 13

HISTORY

Question 14

when will antibody test be positive after exposure?

Answer 14

3 weeks to 6 months

Question 15

diagnosis requires what as of 2012?

Answer 15

treatment

Question 16

what should your screening test be?

Answer 16

sensitive

• very low false negative
• you don’t want any positives to slip by

Question 17

what is considered to be a diagnostic HIV test?

Answer 17

testing for HIV based on clinical signs or symptoms

Question 18

what would be a targeted HIV test?

Answer 18

testing for HIV based on bieng part of a subpopulation that is at higher risk based on behavioral, clinical or demographic

Question 19

what is opt-out HIV screening?

Answer 19

testing for HIV after notifying the pt that the test will be done, but would have to opt out to not be tested

Question 20

what demographic comprises the “late testers”

Answer 20

younger, hetero, AA or hispanic, less educated

Question 21

what is the normal CD4/CD8 ratio?

Answer 21

35%

CD4 of 500 would be 29%

CD4 of 200 would be 14%

Question 22

what would be considered an undetectable level of viral load?

Answer 22

20-40 copies/mL

Question 23

which gene is a/w life threatening problem with abacavir?

Answer 23

HLA-B5701

Question 24

what type of vaccinations would you use for an HIV pt?

Answer 24

inactive kind

Question 25

what extra vaccine would you give to HIV pts?

Answer 25

pneumococcal 13 and 23

Question 26

what kind of HIV pts would receive Hep A and B vaccinations?

Answer 26

MSM

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