Pharmacology Lecture 1

Question 1

what factors affect Fick’s law of diffusion?

Answer 1

area and thickness of membrane

Question 2

what is a weak acid drug?

Answer 2

neutral -> protonated + H+

Question 3

what is a weak base drug?

Answer 3

protonated -> neutral + H+

Question 4

what form of a weak acid or base is the lipid soluble form?

Answer 4

unprotonated (neutral form)

Question 5

which form of drug can easily diffuse through the kidney tubule?

Answer 5

lipid soluble (unprotonated)

Question 6

how would you adjust urine pH to excrete a weak base drug?

Answer 6

make it more acidic (moves drug to the protonated form and can’t pass through tubule)

Question 7

how would you adjust urine pH to excrete a weak acid drug?

Answer 7

make it more basic (moves drug to the protonated form and can’t pass through tubule)

Question 8

what is a chemical antagonist?

Answer 8

when one drug binds with another drug in the blood stream thereby prohibiting action of either drug

Question 9

what is a physiologic antagonist?

Answer 9

when an antagonist acts on a different receptor but opposes another pathway

Question 10

what are pharmacokinetics?

Answer 10

absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a drug

what the body does to the drug

Question 11

what are pharmacodynamics?

Answer 11

non-receptor or receptor mechanisms

what the drug does to the body

Question 12

what is an additive affect?

Answer 12

when two drugs have to work together to make an effect?

2+2 = 4

Question 13

what is synergistic?

Answer 13

when two drugs working together make a better effect

2 + 2 = 4 + 4

Question 14

what is potentiation?

Answer 14

when one drug improves the performance of another drug

2+ 2 = 4 + 2

Question 15

in the case of a contraindication you would…

Answer 15

never ever ever give the drug

Question 16

what do agonists have that antagonists do not?

Answer 16

intrinsic activity

-they only have affinity

Question 17

what kind of bond does a competitive irreversible antagonist form?

Answer 17

covalent

Question 18

what is the weakest type of bond?

Answer 18

van der waals

Question 19

what process determines time of activity of G-protein?

Answer 19

hydrolysation of G protein from GTP to GDP diphosphate

Question 20

what is tachyphylaxis?

Answer 20

rapid desensitization

loss of receptor function

Question 21

what is down regulation?

Answer 21

receptors are removed and sequestered from the cell surface

loss of # of receptors

Question 22

what are the three non-receptor mediated desensitizations?

Answer 22

1. reduction of coupling responses
2. increased metabolic degradation
3. opposing homeostatic response

Question 23

what is constitutive activity?

Answer 23

receptor is not bound by a ligand but is causing an affect

Question 24

what is an inverse agonist?

Answer 24

binding to the receptor site causes the constitutive activity to shut off
-it is an agonist because it is doing the activity of turning the activity off

Question 25

what is Kd?

Answer 25

dissociation equilibrium , # of ligands going on = # of ligands dissociating

Question 26

what is the relationship between affinity and Kd and concentration of drug?

Answer 26

inc. affinity = dec Kd and dec of drug concentration

Question 27

which way does potency shift on a graph?

Answer 27

to the left

Question 28

how do you calculate therapeutic index?

Answer 28

Toxic ED (TD50) / Beneficial ED50

Question 29

many spare receptors will do what to the amount of drug needed?

Answer 29

decrease

Question 30

which class of receptors is the fastest?

Answer 30

ligand gated ion channel

Question 31

which class of receptors is the longest?

Answer 31

ligand activated transcription factors

Question 32

which class of receptors is the most common and most complex?

Answer 32

G coupled protein