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Medicine > Hip Anatomy > Flashcards

Hip Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

how many degrees of freedom does the hip joint have?

A

3

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2
Q

what bones make up the acetabulum?

A

ileum
ishium
pubis

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3
Q

what part of the acetabulum is covered with hyaline cartilage?

A

only a horseshoe-shaped portion (where the labrum is not)

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4
Q

what is the center edge of the acetabulum?

A

a line connecting the lateral rim of acetabulum and the center of the femoral head 35-38 degrees

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5
Q

what happens with the CE angle is smaller?

A

coverage of the head decreases and there is a higher risk of superior dislocation

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6
Q

what is the most common type of hip dislocation?

A

congenital (CE malalignment)

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7
Q

what kind of baby is more likely to have hip problems?

A

breach babies

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8
Q

what is anteversion?

A

the magnitude of the anterior orientation

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9
Q

what is the risk of having anteversion?

A

increase risk of anterior dislocation

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10
Q

what is the primary flexor of the hip?

A

iliopsoas muscle

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11
Q

where is the true pelvis located?

A

contained in the sacral-pelvic region

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12
Q

what main feature differentiates female from male pelvis?

A

women have a softer sciatic notch

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13
Q

what is the positioning of the femur?

A

head faces medially, superiorly and anteriorly

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14
Q

what is it called when you decrease the angle of inclination (<125)?

A

coxa vara (goes outward)

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15
Q

what is it called when you increase the angle of inclination (>125)?

A

coxa valga (goes inward)

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16
Q

when can you best view the angle of torsion?

A

when looking down at the length of the femur

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17
Q

what does the angle of torsion do with age?

A

decreases, starts at 40 deg as and infant and decreases to 15 degrees as an adult

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18
Q

how does excessive anteversion present in the clinic?

A

intoeing gate

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19
Q

in what position does the hip joint fit together best?

A

frog-leg position

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20
Q

does the hip joint capsule include the trochanter?

A

no

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21
Q

what is the zona orbicularis?

A

collar of deep circular fibers of the hip joint

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22
Q

which ligament provides blood vessels to the head of the femur?

A

ligamentum teres

23
Q

which is the strongest ligament of the hip?

A

ileofemoral ligament

  • fan shaped
  • inverted Y
  • anterior
  • prevents hyperextension
24
Q

what ligaments form the anterior support for the hip?

A

ileofemoral

pubofemoral

25
Q

which ligament forms the posterior aspect of the hip joint?

A

ischiofemoral

26
Q

what limits hip adduction?

A

tensor fascia lata (iliotibial band)

27
Q

what is anterior pelvic tilt called?

A

flexion of the hip

28
Q

what is posterior pelvic tilt called?

A

extension

29
Q

what is it called when you move the pelvis out and down?

A

abduction

30
Q

what is ti called when you move the pelvis up and in?

A

adduction

31
Q

which muscle keeps the opposite pelvis level during gate?

A

gluteus medius (originates on ilium and inserts on greater trochanter)-causes abduction in open chain

32
Q

what happens in gluteus medius weakness?

A

every time you step on the leg with the weakness (left), the opposite hip drops (right)

33
Q

when do the hip muscles work best?

A

in the middle of their contraction range or on slight stretch

34
Q

when do two joint muscles generate the greatest amount of force?

A

when not required to shorten over both joints simultaneously

35
Q

what is the O/I of iliopsoas?

A

O: wide from iliac fossa, sacrum, IV discs of T12-L4
I: lesser trochanter of femur

36
Q

what is the O/I of rectus femoris?

A

two joint muscle
O: AInferior IS
I: tibial tuberosity
_most effective when knee is flexed

37
Q

what is the O/I of sartorius?

A

O: ASIS
I: upper medial tibia

38
Q

what is the O/I of tensor fascia lata?

A

O: lateral iliac crest
I: iliotibial tract (band)

39
Q

what might the iliotibial tract be used for?

A

transplant material

40
Q

what are the hip flexors?

A

iliopsoas
rectus femoris
tensor fascia lata
sartorius

41
Q

what are the hip adductors?

A

pectinate
gracilis
adductor brevis/longus/magnus

42
Q

what is the O/I of pectineus?

A

O: pubis
I: linea aspera

43
Q

what is the O/I of gracilis?

A

O: symphysis pubis
I: medial tibia

44
Q

what is the O/I of the adductors?

A

O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: linea aspera

45
Q

what are the hip extensors?

A 
gluteus maximus
ham strings (two joint muscles)
46
Q

what is the O/I of the gluteus maximus?

A

O: sacrum, post ligaments
I: gluteul tuberosity of femur

47
Q

what is the O/I of the hamstrings?

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: head of fibular and lateral tibia (biceps femoris)
I: medial side of the tibia (semitendinosis/membranosus)

48
Q

what are the hip abductors?

A

gluteus medius

gluteus minimus

49
Q

what is the O/I of the gluteus medius?

A

O: lateral wing of ileum
I: greater trochanter

50
Q

what is the O/I of the gluteus minimus?

A

O: outer surface of ilium and sciatic notch
I: greater trochanter

51
Q

which muscles cause external rotation?

A 
PGO-GOQ
obturator internus/externus
gemellus suprerior/inferior
quadratus femoris
piriformis
52
Q

which muscles cause internal rotation?

A

ant. portion of gluteus medius
tensor fascia lata
adductors

53
Q

which important nerves come off the lumbar plexus?

A

femoral and obturator

54
Q

which important nerve comes off the sacral plexus?

A

sciatic

Medicine (146 decks)

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