Hip Anatomy Flashcards
how many degrees of freedom does the hip joint have?
3
what bones make up the acetabulum?
ileum
ishium
pubis
what part of the acetabulum is covered with hyaline cartilage?
only a horseshoe-shaped portion (where the labrum is not)
what is the center edge of the acetabulum?
a line connecting the lateral rim of acetabulum and the center of the femoral head 35-38 degrees
what happens with the CE angle is smaller?
coverage of the head decreases and there is a higher risk of superior dislocation
what is the most common type of hip dislocation?
congenital (CE malalignment)
what kind of baby is more likely to have hip problems?
breach babies
what is anteversion?
the magnitude of the anterior orientation
what is the risk of having anteversion?
increase risk of anterior dislocation
what is the primary flexor of the hip?
iliopsoas muscle
where is the true pelvis located?
contained in the sacral-pelvic region
what main feature differentiates female from male pelvis?
women have a softer sciatic notch
what is the positioning of the femur?
head faces medially, superiorly and anteriorly
what is it called when you decrease the angle of inclination (<125)?
coxa vara (goes outward)
what is it called when you increase the angle of inclination (>125)?
coxa valga (goes inward)
when can you best view the angle of torsion?
when looking down at the length of the femur
what does the angle of torsion do with age?
decreases, starts at 40 deg as and infant and decreases to 15 degrees as an adult
how does excessive anteversion present in the clinic?
intoeing gate
in what position does the hip joint fit together best?
frog-leg position
does the hip joint capsule include the trochanter?
no
what is the zona orbicularis?
collar of deep circular fibers of the hip joint
which ligament provides blood vessels to the head of the femur?
ligamentum teres
which is the strongest ligament of the hip?
ileofemoral ligament
- fan shaped
- inverted Y
- anterior
- prevents hyperextension
what ligaments form the anterior support for the hip?
ileofemoral
pubofemoral
which ligament forms the posterior aspect of the hip joint?
ischiofemoral
what limits hip adduction?
tensor fascia lata (iliotibial band)
what is anterior pelvic tilt called?
flexion of the hip
what is posterior pelvic tilt called?
extension
what is it called when you move the pelvis out and down?
abduction
what is ti called when you move the pelvis up and in?
adduction
which muscle keeps the opposite pelvis level during gate?
gluteus medius (originates on ilium and inserts on greater trochanter)-causes abduction in open chain
what happens in gluteus medius weakness?
every time you step on the leg with the weakness (left), the opposite hip drops (right)
when do the hip muscles work best?
in the middle of their contraction range or on slight stretch
when do two joint muscles generate the greatest amount of force?
when not required to shorten over both joints simultaneously
what is the O/I of iliopsoas?
O: wide from iliac fossa, sacrum, IV discs of T12-L4
I: lesser trochanter of femur
what is the O/I of rectus femoris?
two joint muscle
O: AInferior IS
I: tibial tuberosity
_most effective when knee is flexed
what is the O/I of sartorius?
O: ASIS
I: upper medial tibia
what is the O/I of tensor fascia lata?
O: lateral iliac crest
I: iliotibial tract (band)
what might the iliotibial tract be used for?
transplant material
what are the hip flexors?
iliopsoas
rectus femoris
tensor fascia lata
sartorius
what are the hip adductors?
pectinate
gracilis
adductor brevis/longus/magnus
what is the O/I of pectineus?
O: pubis
I: linea aspera
what is the O/I of gracilis?
O: symphysis pubis
I: medial tibia
what is the O/I of the adductors?
O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: linea aspera
what are the hip extensors?
gluteus maximus ham strings (two joint muscles)
what is the O/I of the gluteus maximus?
O: sacrum, post ligaments
I: gluteul tuberosity of femur
what is the O/I of the hamstrings?
O: ischial tuberosity
I: head of fibular and lateral tibia (biceps femoris)
I: medial side of the tibia (semitendinosis/membranosus)
what are the hip abductors?
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
what is the O/I of the gluteus medius?
O: lateral wing of ileum
I: greater trochanter
what is the O/I of the gluteus minimus?
O: outer surface of ilium and sciatic notch
I: greater trochanter
which muscles cause external rotation?
PGO-GOQ obturator internus/externus gemellus suprerior/inferior quadratus femoris piriformis
which muscles cause internal rotation?
ant. portion of gluteus medius
tensor fascia lata
adductors
which important nerves come off the lumbar plexus?
femoral and obturator
which important nerve comes off the sacral plexus?
sciatic
