Cerebral Cortex

Question 1

what is a gyrus?

Answer 1

mound of brain tissue

Question 2

what is on the outer portion of the brain?

Answer 2

gray matter

cerebral cortex

Question 3

what is on the inner portion of the brain?

Answer 3

white matter (axons)

Question 4

sulcus

Answer 4

depression between gyrus

Question 5

corpus collosum

Answer 5

made of axons (white matter)

connects R and L hemispheres

Question 6

what is primary motor cortex?

Answer 6

precentral gyrus

Question 7

what is the primary sensory cortex?

Answer 7

postcentral gyrus

Question 8

what is somatotopic organization?

Answer 8

there is a precise place on the brain that controls each part of the body

Question 9

what are piramital cells?

Answer 9

cells that start the cortispinal pathway for motor neurons

Question 10

Broca’s motor speech area

Answer 10

for the PRODUCTION of speech

located in the left hemisphere

damage here causes pts to be able to understand but can’t talk

Question 11

Broca’s aphagia

Answer 11

inability to speak due to damage to Broca’s area

Question 12

eye field area

Answer 12

for voluntary eye movements

Question 13

what are the main funtions of the frontal lobe?

Answer 13

motor

behavioral and personality aspects

Question 14

what are the secondary motor cortex areas?

Answer 14

supplemental motor area

premotor cortex

frontal eye fields

posterior parietal motor area (parietal lobe)

Question 15

what is the role of the secondary motor system?

Answer 15

mediates complex movements produced by groups of muscles

-not involved with discrete muscle contraction

Question 16

what is the primary function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 16

involved in motor function

Question 17

what is the importance of the supplemental motor cortex area?

Answer 17

recieves input from basal ganglia via a relay in ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus

Question 18

what is the purpose of the premotor cortex?

Answer 18

receives input from cerebellum via relay in ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus

-functions in motor control to orient the body in the direction of the target

Question 19

what does posterior parietal motor area do?

Answer 19

associated with tactile discrimination in relation to reaching and guiding movements

Question 20

what is sterognosis?

Answer 20

ability to perceive the form of an object by using sense of touch

Question 21

what is statognosis?

Answer 21

proprioception

knowing the position of the body in space

Question 22

what does the prefrontal association do?

Answer 22

extensive connections with thalamic nuclei

has connections to limbic system (feelings)

involved in working memory (repeating a task once observed)

involved in appropriate expressions and behavior

Question 23

what are other functions of the frontal lobe?

Answer 23

abstract thinking

decision making

anticipating consequences

social behavior

Question 24

what is the primary function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 24

somatosensory

primary gustatory area (taste)

Question 25

what is the purpose of the temporal lobe?

Answer 25

primary auditory area

primary auditory association area

wernicke’s area

(temporal and parietal lobes)

interprets meaning and comprehension of words

Question 26

what is Wernicke’s aphagia?

Answer 26

problems with damage to temporal lobe that causes lack of word comprehension

Question 27

what is the purpose of the auditory association?

Answer 27

makes sense of auditory phenomenon

Question 28

what is the main purpose of the occipital lobe?

Answer 28

primary visual cortex

visual association cortex

Question 29

which side of the brain is more active in language?

Answer 29

left

Question 30

what are the functions of the insula?

Answer 30

somatic sensation that is oriented inward

gut feelings of hunger, thirst, homeostatic balance

certain feelings (love, lust, disgust, gratitude)

conscious physical and emotional awareness occur here