Innate Immunity Flashcards
which areas of the body do not have lymphatic vessels?
CNS
spleen
bone marrow
avascular structures
which cells are most abundant in the lymph nodes?
lymphocytes
macrophages
what is lymph fluid called?
chyle
which two mechanisms facilitate movement of chyle?
contraction of skeletal muscle
respiratory pump
what are Hassel’s corpuscles/
located in the medulla of the thymus
epithelial cells filled with keratohyaline granules
what is the role of nurse cells?
secrete thymic hormones that mature and differentiate T-cells
what is located in the outer cortex of lymph nodes?
B cells
macrophages
dendritic cells
what is located in the medulla of lymph nodes?
B cells and macrophages
what is located in the inner cortex of lymph nodes?
T cells
dendritic cells
what CT fibers support lymph nodes?
reticular fiber
what is found in the white pulp of the spleen?
B and T cells surrounding branches of the splenic artery
Immune system component
what is found in the red pulp of the spleen?
blood-filled venous sinuses
sinusoid capillaries
removes worn out RBC and WBC
which chemical on the skin is resistant to bacterial enzymes?
keratin
which features do mucosal membranes use to fight bacteria?
acidity sebum contains chemical toxin stomach digests proteins tenacious to trap organisms cilia to move them out normal flora
which cells produce interferon?
virally-infected lymphocytes and macrophages
what does interferon do?
induces synthesis of antiviral proteins
which cells produce alpha interferon?
leukocytes
which cells produce beta interferon?
fibroblasts
which cells produce gamma interferon?
lymphocytes
what 3 things does the complement system do?
- promotes phagocytosis
- causes inflammation
- causes cytolysis
how does iron binding contribute to innate immunity?
traps iron, which bacteria needs to replicate
what do AMP’s do?
work in a variety of ways against many organisms
which cell has the selectin?
blood vessel endothelial cell
which cell has the integrin?
neutrophil
what two components does opsonization need?
- complement (innate)
2. IgG (adaptive)
what do defensins do?
pierce a whole in the bacterium cell wall
which cells can kill cancer and virally infected cells?
NK cells
what important areas contain NK cells?
spleen
bone marrow
lymph nodes
how do NK cells know which cells to kill?
contains a stress-induced glycoprotein on cell surface
lacks MHC 1 protein
what two proteins do NK cells use to kill cells?
perforins
granzymes
what do granzymes do?
penetrate bacterial cells and destroy their insides
what are 2 main functions of the inflammatory response?
- vasodilation
2. increased capillary permeability
which 3 things cause pain from injury?
- edema
- prostaglandins
- bradykinin
which coagulation factor is responsible for the kinin cascade?
factor 12
which prostaglandin is responsible for platelet aggregation?
thrombaxane
which prostaglandin is responsible for protecting tissue surrounding the clot?
PGI2
what are the 3 results of the complement system?
- opsonization
- MAC attack
- causes inflammation
what stimulates zinc and iron binding?
mild-moderate fever
what is the role of TLR?
mediate innate immunity when activated
