GI

Question 1

what is present in intestinal juice?

Answer 1

water
mucus
enzymes (carbs, proteins, nucleotide digesting)
1-2 L /day

Question 2

what are brunner’s glands?

Answer 2

secretes alkaline mucus in the small intestine

Question 3

what muscularis layer is responsible for moving the chyme down the GI tract?

Answer 3

longitudinal

Question 4

how long does it take for food to move through the GI?

Answer 4

2 hrs from stomach to ileum

Question 5

where does chemical digestion end?

Answer 5

small intestine

Question 6

what is the pathway of carb digestion?

Answer 6

mouth (salivary amylase)
duodenum (pancreatic amylase)
brush border (alpha-extrinase, sucrase, lactase, maltase)
glucose is final product
enter capillary bed and go to liver

Question 7

what is the pathway of protein digestion?

Answer 7

stomach (pepsin)
duodenum (trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, elastase)
brush border (aminopeptidase, dipeptidase)
amino acids are final products
enter capillary bed and go to liver

Question 8

what is the pathway of lipid digestion?

Answer 8

mouth (lipases)
stomach (lipase)
duodenum (bile salts emulsify-mechanical process, pancreatic lipase)
brush border (micelle and chylomicron)
enters lacteal-thoracic duct-L subclavian vein

Question 9

what is a micelle?

Answer 9

made up of fatty acids and bile salts that is present in the lumen

Question 10

what is a chylomicron?

Answer 10

recombination of triglyceride inside the cell that gets extruded into the lacteal

Question 11

what is lipoprotein lipase?

Answer 11

allows fat molecules to get back in the cell

Question 12

which are the 4 fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 12

A, D, E, K

Question 13

what is secondary active transport?

Answer 13

crossing of nutrients that relies on a second active pump (usually sodium)

Question 14

what is primary absorber of nutrients?

Answer 14

small intestine

Question 15

what is the teniae coli?

Answer 15

smooth muscle that runs along the large intestine

Question 16

what are the haustrum?

Answer 16

pouches of the large intestine

Question 17

what is the function of large intestine?

Answer 17

completion of absorption
production of some vitamins
formation and expulsion of feces

Question 18

which parts of colon are retroperitoneal?

Answer 18

ascending and descending sections

Question 19

what type of muscle is the internal sphincter?

Answer 19

smooth

Question 20

what type of muscle is the external sphincter?

Answer 20

skeletal

Question 21

what is the primary focus of microvilli of large intestines?

Answer 21

absorb water

Question 22

what is the thickest layer of the GI tract?

Answer 22

mucosa

Question 23

what are the major roles of the bacteria in the large intestine?

Answer 23

1. ferment any remaining carbohydrates
2. convert remaining protein
3. compose bilirubin to stercobilin
4. metabolize vitamins K and some B

Question 24

what are the 3 major branches of celiac trunk?

Answer 24

1. common hepatic
2. splenic (big one)
3. left gastric

Question 25

what does the superior mesenteric supply blood to?

Answer 25

all small intestine

most of large intestine (through middle of transverse colon)

Question 26

what does the inferior mesenteric supply blood to?

Answer 26

rest of large intestine (transverse colon to the end)