Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine > Liver Studies > Flashcards

Liver Studies Flashcards

1
Q

which test is used to identify hepatocellular disease?

A

ALT (found in cytosol of liver)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does ALT stand for?

A

alanine aminotransferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the normal ALT values?

A

4-36 IU/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the interfering drugs for ALT?

A

PAMS PODP

phenothiazine, acetaminophen, methotrexate, statins, procainamide, OCP, dilatin, propoxyphene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

myositis, pancreatitis, MI, infections mono and shock would produce what level of ALT/

A

mildly elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cirrhosis, cholestasis, hepatic tumor, hepatotoxic drug, obstructive jaundice, severe burns and muscle trauma would produce what level of ALT?

A

moderately elevate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hepatitis, hepatic necrosis and hepatic ischemia would produce what level of ALT/

A

significantly elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does AST stand for?

A

aspartate aminotransferase (found in liver, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas and RBC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are normal AST values?

A

0-35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how will AST levels change with injury?

A

elevates at 8hrs
peaks at 24-26 hrs
normal at 3-7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what drugs interfere with AST levels?

A

SAVE CODOIC

salicylates, antihypertensive, verapamil, E-mycin, cholinergics, OCP, digoxin, opiates, INH, coumadin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

acute renal dz, beriberi, DKA, pregnancy would cause what levels of AST?

A

low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

liver dz would cause what level of AST/

A

elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where is alkaline phosphatase found?

A

liver, bone, biliary tract

intestine, kidney, placenta, leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are normal ALP levels?

A

30-120

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is ALP1 isoenzyme specific for?

A

liver origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is ALP2 isoenzyme specific for?

A

bone origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hypophosphatemia, malnutrition, milk-alkali syndrome, pernicious anemia and scurvy would cause what level of ALP?

A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

liver dz, normal pregnancy, normal bone growth, bone tumors, fractures, paget dz, and others would cause what levels of ALP?

A

increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which drugs interfere with ALP levels?

A

too many

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is GGT?

A

gamma-glutamyl transpetidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where is GGT found?

A

biliary tract, liver

kidney, spleen, heart, intestine, brain, prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are normal GGT values?

A

8-38

very high in newborns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which is the most sensitive indicator of liver dz?

A

GGT level

-indicates heavy and chronic EtOH use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

late pregnancy, clofibrate, OCP, will do what to GGT levels?

A

lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

EtOH, dilantin, liver dz, MI, pancreatic dz and phenobarbital will do what to GGT levels?

A

elevate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is 5’ NT?

A

5’ nucleotidase

28
Q

where is 5’ NT found?

A

hepatocyte plamsa membrane

29
Q

what is normal 5’NT value?

A

0-1.6

30
Q

how is 5’NT used?

A

supports dx of obstructive hepatobiliary dz in pts with increased ALP

31
Q

liver dz will do what to 5’NT levels?

A

increase

32
Q

where is albumin formed?

A

inside the liver

33
Q

what is the main function of albumin?

A

maintains colloidal osmotic pressure and transports drugs, hormones and enzymes

34
Q

what are normal albumin levels?

A

3.5-5

35
Q

dehydration will do what to albumin?

A

increase

36
Q

inflammation, cirrhosis and nephrotic syndrome will do what to albumin?

A

decrease

37
Q

what is normal PT value?

A

11-12.5 seconds

38
Q

what is the best indicator of prognosis in acute liver dz?

A

PT

39
Q

what top tube will you collect PT?

A

blue top

40
Q

what is serum ammonia?

A

byproduct of protein metabolism, converted to urea

41
Q

what is normal serum level?

A

10-80

42
Q

what is the main interfering factor for serum ammonia?

A

smoking

43
Q

what are normal bilirubin levels?

A

.3-1 total

44
Q

how is bilirubin used?

A

assess liver function, hemolytic anemia and jaundice in newborns

45
Q

which meds will increase bilirubin?

A 
allopurinol
anabolic steroids
antimalarials
cholinergics
sulfonamides
methotrexate
46
Q

what does the liver make?

A 
glucagon
lipoproteins
cholesterol
proteins of all kinds
bile salts
47
Q

what does the liver store?

A

glucagon
triglycerides
vitamins A, D, E, K, B12, Cu and Fe

48
Q

what is a Kupffer cell?

A

macrophage of liver

49
Q

what tests are used to dx hepatocellular injury?

A

ALT, AST, bilirubin

50
Q

what test are used to dx cholestasis?

A

bilirubin, ALP, GGT

51
Q

what tests are used to assess liver function?

A

albumin, PT, ammonia, platelets

52
Q

what is the de Ritis ratio?

A

AST/ALT ratio

53
Q

when would de Ritis ratio be greater than 2?

A

alcohol related liver dz

54
Q

what doaminotransferase levels greater than 1000 indicate?

A

necrosis

55
Q

what do ALP levels greater than 4times normal indicate?

A

ductal injury

56
Q

are isolated elevated GGT levels a good test?

A

no

57
Q

when coupled with ALP, which test works well to suggest liver dz?

A

GGT

58
Q

normal GGT with elevated ALP suggests what?

A

bone dz

59
Q

increased unconjugated bilirubin,
normal serum conj bili
increased gut conj bili
increased urine urobiligen would indicate

A

pre-hepatic jaundice

60
Q

increased unconjugated serum bili
increased conj serum bili
decreased conj bili in stool, urine would indicate

A

intrahepatic jaundice

61
Q

normal unconjugated serum bili
increased conj serum bili
decreased conj bili in gut would indicate

A

post hepatic jaundice

62
Q

when is bilirubin in urine normal?

A

never

63
Q

what causes prehepatic jaundice?

A

excess hemolysis

64
Q

what causes intrahepataic jaundice?

A

damage to liver causes it to be unable to process bilirubin

65
Q

what causes posthepatic jaundice?

A

biliary system becomes inflammed or obstructed and bilirubin does not move into the digestive system

Medicine (146 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions