Eye Flashcards
cycloplegic drugs do what?
impair eyes ability to contract the ciliary body
-impairs close vision
what does a sympathomimetic do?
decrease aqueous secretion
what does a beta adrenergic blocking agent do?
decrease aqueous secretion
what should you never do with topical anesthetics?
prescribe for home use
-pts lose sense of pain
when would you use topical corticosteroids?
rarely, if ever
- too many potential side effects
- NEVER if suspicious of HSV infection
what are the drawbacks of ointments?
can be messy
can cause visual blurring
what should always be in your ocular differential?
drugs that they are on that have side effects
what are drawbacks of contact lenses?
increase risk of infection and corneal ulceration
what are two key questions when it comes to vision loss?
- did this occur suddenly or over time?
2. painful or painless?
what can cause diplopia?
ocular misalignment
what is the DDx for diplopia?
CN palsy
Grave’s dz
what is the DDx for spots and flashing lights?
benign vitreous floaters posterior vitreous detachment vitreous hemorrhage uveitis retinal tear or detachment differentiate from migrain scotoma
1 cause of blindness WW?
cataracts
1 cause of blindness US?
diabetic neuropathy
1 cause of blindness US elderly?
macular degeneration
what are other causes of blindness?
retinal detachment
central retinal arterial occlusions
what is the most common cause of infectious blindness world wide?
trachoma (chlamydia)
-causes inflammation and scarring of the lids
what is the ddx for ptosis?
horner’s
CN III palsy
myasthenia gravis
age related
what are the symptoms of horner’s?
ptosis
anhydrosis
miosis
what is the ddx for proptosis?
graves dz (bilateral) orbital cellulitis (usu. unilateral) retrobulbar tumor (usu. unilateral)
what causes proptosis in graves?
mucopolysaccharide/inflammatory cell deposits in the periorbital tissues
-usu. occurs when the pts in hyperthyroid but it can happen before or after
-worsened by smoking and RAI tx.
should always do hertel exopthalmometry
what is afferent pupillary defect?
marcus gunn pupil
- eye does not dilate with direct response but does with indirect response
- retina is not picking up the direct light
- testing with swinging light test
what is the best way to prevent diabetic retinopathy?
good glycemic control
what is the #1 cause of new blindness in the US?
diabetic retinopathy
when should a type 1 diabetic get the first eye exam?
by 5th year of dx
annually thereafter
when should a type 2 diabetic get the first eye exam?
ASAP after dx
annually thereafter
what is the txment for diabetic retinopathy?
panretinal photocoagulation
-burning off lesions, stop leakage of blood vessels
what are the ocular side effects of rifampin?
orange tears
what are the ocular side effects of corticosteroids?
- ocular dryness
- cataract
- 2a infection
- glaucoma
what are the ocular side effects of PDE inhibitors? (Viagrao)
color changes
what are the ocular side effects of antihistamines?
ocular dryness
what are the ocular side effects of anticholinergics?
ocular dryness
glaucoma
