Social Learning Theory Flashcards
What did Bandura propose the SLT as
a development of the behaviourist approach
Continued - what did Bandura argue when he proposed the SLT
CC and OC couldnt account 4 all human learning - there are important mental processes that mediate btwn stimulus and response
What are the two assumptions of the Social Learning Theory
Bands agreed with bhvrsts bhv learned from experience but SLT proposed theres diff way people learn - through observation and imitation of others
SLT suggested learning occurs directly through CC and OC but also indirectly
VICARIOUS REINFORCMENT - Define Vicarious Reinforcement
reinforcement not directly experienced but occurs thorugh observing someone else being reinforced for a behaviour
VICARIOUS REINFORCMENT -What is significant about VICARIOUS REINFORCMENET
Key factor in imitation
VICARIOUS REINFORCMENT - for individual learning to take place what happens
indi must observe behaviour of others
VICARIOUS REINFORCMENT - learner may imitate this behaviour but , imitation only happens if
if behaviouorseen to be rewarded (reinforced) as opposed to punished i.e VR occurs
VICARIOUS REINFORCMENT - CONTINUED (learner may imitate this behaviour but , in general,….. )
so learner observes behaviour but most importantly…
observes consequences of a behaviour
ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - What is the social learning theory describes as and why
bridge between behaviourst learning thoeory and the cognitive approach
as focuses on how mental (cognitive) factors mediate in the learning process
ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - explain more about mental factors mediating in the learning process
mental factors mediate in the learning process to determine whether a new response is required
ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - Define Mediational Processes
cognitive factors that influence learning and come between stimulus and response
ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - Define attention
extent to which we notice certain behaviours
ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - Define retention
how well behaviour remembered
ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - Define Motor Reproduction
ability of observer to perform the behaviour
ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - Define Motivation
will 2 perform behaviour, often determined by whether behaviour rewarded/punished
ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - the mediational processes are
attention
retention
motor reproduction
motivation
What do the first two relate to
Learning of the behaviour
ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - the mediational processes are
attention
retention
motor reproduction
motivation
What do the last two relate to
Performance of the behaviour
ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - unlike traditional behaviourism…..
learning and performance of behaviour don’t need to occur together
ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - What is key about the mediational processes (observed behaviour)
observed behaviour may be stored by observer & reproduced at a later time
IDENTIFICATION - What are people (especially kids ) more likely to imitate and why
people they identify with
because they’ve got quality indi would like to possess
IDENTIFICATION - Define identification
internalising and adopting behaviour shown by a role model {as they have a quality indi would like to possess
IDENTIFICATION - what is the person an individual indentifies with called
Role Model
IDENTIFICATION - define modelling
Process of imitating a role model
IDENTIFICATION - when does modelling occur
during social learning
IDENTIFICATION - explain the two instances in which modelling can occur
when observer imitates model
when person produces a specific behaviour (Acting as a model) that may then be imitated
IDENTIFICATION - so who can model
observer
role model (bhv of model called modelling )
IDENTIFICATION - when does one become a role model
if their seen to posess similar characteristics to the observer
and or
are attractive and have high status
IDENTIFICATION - what is a key fact about role models
dont have to be necessarily physically present in the enviro and this has important implications for influence of media on behaviour
BANDURAs RESEARCH - explain Bandura’s research of 1961
recorded behaviour youngens who watched adult behave aggressivley to bobo and other group watched adult behave non aggressivley
Adult hit bobo with hammer & shouted abuse
Kids later observed playing with various toys including Bobo
they behaved more aggressivley to bobo and other toys than those who saw non aggressive adult
BANDURAs RESEARCH - explain Bandura’s research 1963
Bando X Walter
showed vid to kid where adult aggressive to doll
One group saw adult praised for behaviour (well done) 2nd saw adult punished &told off for being agg to bobo. 3rd(control group) saw adult being agg to doll w/o any consequence
when given own doll to play with 1st group most agg followed by 3rd then 2nd
EVALUATION - ( Part of strength ) What did Bands say in 1977
learning seria very laborious and hazardous if people had to soley rely on effects of their own actions to inform them of what to do.
From observing others indi forms idea of how new behaviours are performed and on later occasions this coded info serves as a guide to action
EVALUATION - COUNTER ARGUMENT- STRENGTH
cognitive facotrs
recognises importance of cognitive factor in learning
neither CC/OC can offer an adequate account of learning on their own
Humans and animals store info about the behaviour of others & use this to make judgements about when its appropriate to perform certain actions
as bands observed 1977
SUGGESTING SLT PROVIDES > COMPREHENSIVE EXPLANATION OF HUMAN LEARNING BY RECOGNISING THE ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES
EVALUATION - COUNTER ARGUMENT- LIMITATION
little reference to influence of bio factors on SL
criticised for making little reference to the influence of bio facotrs on SL
Although Bando claimed natural bio differences influenced our learning potential
he thought learning itself determined by the enviro
But research suggest observational learning ( the kind B talmbout) may be result of MIRROR NEURONS in the brain
which allow us to empathise w and imitate others
SUGGESTING THE BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES on SL UNDEREMPHASISED IN THE SLT
EVALUATION - STRENGTH - real world application
SLT applied to range of real-world bhviours
SLT has advance of being able to explain cultural differences in behaviour
SLT principles e.g modelling,imitationn can account 4 how kids learn from others around them , including media
this can xplain how cultural norms transmitted through particular societies
this proved useful in understanding a range of behaviours e.g kids understanding gender role
THIS INCREASES VALUE OF APPROACH AS IT CAN ACCOUNT FOR REAL WORLD BEHAVIOUR
EVALUATION - LIMITATION - contrived lab studies
Evidence which SLT based gathered through lab studies
many Bandos ideas developed thorugh obsv of young ks behaviour in labs
-shows low EV and their contrived nature where participants may respond to demand characteristics
been suggested in relation to BB doll rsrch that , kids behaving in way they thought was expected
-SUGGESTING RSRCH MAY SAY LITTLE ABT HOW KIDS ACC LEARN AGGRESSION IN EVERYDAY LIFE
