Social Learning Theory

Question 1

What did Bandura propose the SLT as

Answer 1

a development of the behaviourist approach

Question 2

Continued - what did Bandura argue when he proposed the SLT

Answer 2

CC and OC couldnt account 4 all human learning - there are important mental processes that mediate btwn stimulus and response

Question 3

What are the two assumptions of the Social Learning Theory

Answer 3

Bands agreed with bhvrsts bhv learned from experience but SLT proposed theres diff way people learn - through observation and imitation of others

SLT suggested learning occurs directly through CC and OC but also indirectly

Question 4

VICARIOUS REINFORCMENT - Define Vicarious Reinforcement

Answer 4

reinforcement not directly experienced but occurs thorugh observing someone else being reinforced for a behaviour

Question 5

VICARIOUS REINFORCMENT -What is significant about VICARIOUS REINFORCMENET

Answer 5

Key factor in imitation

Question 6

VICARIOUS REINFORCMENT - for individual learning to take place what happens

Answer 6

indi must observe behaviour of others

Question 7

VICARIOUS REINFORCMENT - learner may imitate this behaviour but , imitation only happens if

Answer 7

if behaviouorseen to be rewarded (reinforced) as opposed to punished i.e VR occurs

Question 8

VICARIOUS REINFORCMENT - CONTINUED (learner may imitate this behaviour but , in general,….. )
so learner observes behaviour but most importantly…

Answer 8

observes consequences of a behaviour

Question 9

ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - What is the social learning theory describes as and why

Answer 9

bridge between behaviourst learning thoeory and the cognitive approach

as focuses on how mental (cognitive) factors mediate in the learning process

Question 10

ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - explain more about mental factors mediating in the learning process

Answer 10

mental factors mediate in the learning process to determine whether a new response is required

Question 11

ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - Define Mediational Processes

Answer 11

cognitive factors that influence learning and come between stimulus and response

Question 12

ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - Define attention

Answer 12

extent to which we notice certain behaviours

Question 13

ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - Define retention

Answer 13

how well behaviour remembered

Question 14

ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - Define Motor Reproduction

Answer 14

ability of observer to perform the behaviour

Question 15

ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - Define Motivation

Answer 15

will 2 perform behaviour, often determined by whether behaviour rewarded/punished

Question 16

ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - the mediational processes are

attention
retention
motor reproduction
motivation

What do the first two relate to

Answer 16

Learning of the behaviour

Question 17

ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - the mediational processes are

attention
retention
motor reproduction
motivation

What do the last two relate to

Answer 17

Performance of the behaviour

Question 18

ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - unlike traditional behaviourism…..

Answer 18

learning and performance of behaviour don’t need to occur together

Question 19

ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES - What is key about the mediational processes (observed behaviour)

Answer 19

observed behaviour may be stored by observer & reproduced at a later time

Question 20

IDENTIFICATION - What are people (especially kids ) more likely to imitate and why

Answer 20

people they identify with
because they’ve got quality indi would like to possess

Question 21

IDENTIFICATION - Define identification

Answer 21

internalising and adopting behaviour shown by a role model {as they have a quality indi would like to possess

Question 22

IDENTIFICATION - what is the person an individual indentifies with called

Answer 22

Role Model

Question 23

IDENTIFICATION - define modelling

Answer 23

Process of imitating a role model

Question 24

IDENTIFICATION - when does modelling occur

Answer 24

during social learning

Question 25

IDENTIFICATION - explain the two instances in which modelling can occur

Answer 25

when observer imitates model

when person produces a specific behaviour (Acting as a model) that may then be imitated

Question 26

IDENTIFICATION - so who can model

Answer 26

observer

role model (bhv of model called modelling )

Question 27

IDENTIFICATION - when does one become a role model

Answer 27

if their seen to posess similar characteristics to the observer

and or

are attractive and have high status

Question 28

IDENTIFICATION - what is a key fact about role models

Answer 28

dont have to be necessarily physically present in the enviro and this has important implications for influence of media on behaviour

Question 29

BANDURAs RESEARCH - explain Bandura’s research of 1961

Answer 29

recorded behaviour youngens who watched adult behave aggressivley to bobo and other group watched adult behave non aggressivley

Adult hit bobo with hammer & shouted abuse

Kids later observed playing with various toys including Bobo

they behaved more aggressivley to bobo and other toys than those who saw non aggressive adult

Question 30

BANDURAs RESEARCH - explain Bandura’s research 1963

Bando X Walter

Answer 30

showed vid to kid where adult aggressive to doll

One group saw adult praised for behaviour (well done) 2nd saw adult punished &told off for being agg to bobo. 3rd(control group) saw adult being agg to doll w/o any consequence

when given own doll to play with 1st group most agg followed by 3rd then 2nd

Question 31

EVALUATION - ( Part of strength ) What did Bands say in 1977

Answer 31

learning seria very laborious and hazardous if people had to soley rely on effects of their own actions to inform them of what to do.

From observing others indi forms idea of how new behaviours are performed and on later occasions this coded info serves as a guide to action

Question 32

EVALUATION - COUNTER ARGUMENT- STRENGTH
cognitive facotrs

Answer 32

recognises importance of cognitive factor in learning

neither CC/OC can offer an adequate account of learning on their own

Humans and animals store info about the behaviour of others & use this to make judgements about when its appropriate to perform certain actions

as bands observed 1977

SUGGESTING SLT PROVIDES > COMPREHENSIVE EXPLANATION OF HUMAN LEARNING BY RECOGNISING THE ROLE OF MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES

Question 33

EVALUATION - COUNTER ARGUMENT- LIMITATION
little reference to influence of bio factors on SL

Answer 33

criticised for making little reference to the influence of bio facotrs on SL

Although Bando claimed natural bio differences influenced our learning potential

he thought learning itself determined by the enviro

But research suggest observational learning ( the kind B talmbout) may be result of MIRROR NEURONS in the brain

which allow us to empathise w and imitate others

SUGGESTING THE BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES on SL UNDEREMPHASISED IN THE SLT

Question 34

EVALUATION - STRENGTH - real world application

Answer 34

SLT applied to range of real-world bhviours

SLT has advance of being able to explain cultural differences in behaviour

SLT principles e.g modelling,imitationn can account 4 how kids learn from others around them , including media

this can xplain how cultural norms transmitted through particular societies

this proved useful in understanding a range of behaviours e.g kids understanding gender role

THIS INCREASES VALUE OF APPROACH AS IT CAN ACCOUNT FOR REAL WORLD BEHAVIOUR

Question 35

EVALUATION - LIMITATION - contrived lab studies

Answer 35

Evidence which SLT based gathered through lab studies

many Bandos ideas developed thorugh obsv of young ks behaviour in labs

-shows low EV and their contrived nature where participants may respond to demand characteristics

been suggested in relation to BB doll rsrch that , kids behaving in way they thought was expected

-SUGGESTING RSRCH MAY SAY LITTLE ABT HOW KIDS ACC LEARN AGGRESSION IN EVERYDAY LIFE