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Psychology A-level > Psychopathology - biological approach to EXPLAINING OCD > Flashcards

Psychopathology - biological approach to EXPLAINING OCD Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 forms of explanaitons

A

neural
genetic

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2
Q

genes are involved in indiviudal vulnerability to

A

OCD

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3
Q

what are gentic explantions of ocd

2 points

suggest….

A

Genetic explanations suggest OCD is inherited and

individuals inherit specific genes which cause OCD

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4
Q

what study shows us genes invlved ing enetic vulerability of OCD

A

Lewis observed of his ocd patients

37% got parents with OCD
21% got siblings with OCD

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5
Q

what does LEwis study obsv of ocd in his patients suggest

A

OCD runs in families

but whats porbably passed on from one gen to next

is genetic vulneerabliry not cetainity of OCD

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6
Q

according to diathesis stress model for OCD

certain genes

A

leave some people more likely to developn a menal disorder

but its not certain

some environmentla stress(experience) is necessary to trigger condition

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7
Q

what are candidiate genes in terms of OCD

A

particular genes which create a vulnrabiity for OCD

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8
Q

What are candiate gens inovled in in terms of ocd

A

regulaitng the development of serotinin systems

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9
Q

What are candiate gens inovled in in terms of ocd

+ give an example

A

some involved in regulating development of serotonin

e.g gene 5HT1-D beta is implicated in transport of serotinin across syanpses

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10
Q

OCD is a certain type of adjective used to descire genes

A

polygenic

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11
Q

OCD is a certain type of adjective used to descire genes

A

polygenic

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12
Q

ocd being polygenic means

A

ocd is caused by a combo of genes that together significantly increase vulnerability

rather than one single gene

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13
Q

OCD POLYGENIC - taylor analsyed

A

findings of previosu studes

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14
Q

OCD POLYGENIC - taylor analysed findings of previosu studies what did he find

A

eviednce up to 230 differnet genes may be involved with OCD

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15
Q

OCD POLYGENIC - Genes studied in relation to OCD include

A

those assocaited with actions of dopmaine and serotonin

SERT and COMT

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16
Q

OCD POLYGENIC - whihc neurtotransmitters are believed to ahve a role in regulaitng mood

A

dopamine and setotoning

17
Q

different types of OCD - one group of genes may cause OCD in one person but a differnt …

A

but a differnt group of genes may cause disorder in another person

18
Q

different types of OCD - what is aetiologically heterogeneous

A

origins of OCD vary from one person another

19
Q

different types of OCD - theres is evidence to sugets different types of OCD may be the result of

A

particular genetic variations

e.g hoarding disorder

religious obsession

20
Q

what are neural explanaitons

A

Neural explanations of OCD focus on neurotransmitters as well as brain structures.

21
Q

ROLE OF SEROTININ - one explantion for OCD concerns the roel of neurotransmitter

A

serotonin

22
Q

ROLE OF SEROTININ - what is serotonin belived to do

A

help regulate mood

23
Q

ROLE OF SEROTININ - neurotransmitters are responsible for

A

relaying info from one neuron to another

24
Q

ROLE OF SEROTININ - if a person ha slow levels of setotinin what happens

A

normal transmission of mood relelvant info dont take place and a person may xp low moods

+ othe rmentla processes may be affected

25
Q

ROLE OF SEROTININ - at least some cases of OCD may be explained by

A

reduciton in functioning of serotinin system in the brain

26
Q

DECISION MAKING SYSTEMS - some cases of OCD in particular hoarding disorder seem to be associaed with

A

impaired descison making

27
Q

DECISION MAKING SYSTEMS - impaired descisoin making may be associated with

A

abnormal functioning of the lateral of the frontal lobes of the brain

28
Q

DECISION MAKING SYSTEMS - what does lateral mean

A

side bits

29
Q

DECISION MAKING SYSTEMS - the frontal lobes of the brian are hte which part of your brian

A

front part of brain behind your forehead

30
Q

DECISION MAKING SYSTEMS - frontal lobes are resposbible for

A

logical thinking and making descisions

31
Q

DECISION MAKING SYSTEMS - theres also evidence to suggest the left parrahippocampal gyrus which is associated with :

functions …

A

processing unpleasant emotions

functions abnormally in OCD

32
Q

STRENGHT - SUPPORTING EVIDENCE FOR GENES

A

hay evidence from variety of sources for the idea people are vulnerable to OCD as a result of their genetic make up

one of best sources of evidence for importance of genes is twin studies

nestadt et al reviewed previosu twin studies and found 68% of identical twins shared OCD as opposed to 31% of non identical twins

this strongly suggests a geentic influcne on ocd

33
Q

SUPPORTING EVIDENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTLA RISK FACTORS - genes - can be limitaiton if dont mention diathesis stress

A

research support for impact f enviro factors that can act as trigger or increase risk of developing OCD

e.g researcehrs found over half of OCD patients in sample ahd traumatic event in oast
and cod was more severe in patitents with more than one truama

suggests ocd may not be entirley genetic in orging or at least not in all cases

may therfore be more productive to focsu on enviro causes as were more able to do something about theses

34
Q

LIMIATION OF NEURAL EXPLANATION - issues of causation

A

theres issue with understanding neural mechanisms involved in OCD

While thres evidence which suggests certain neural systems dont function normally in patients suffering from OCD e.g orbifrontal cortex
research has also identified other areas in the brain that are occasionally involved as well

this means theres no brian system whihc has consistently been found to play a role in OCD

So although tehrees evidence that neuro transmitters and brian structures are implicated , it must not be concluded there is a casue and effect relationship

as its difficult to ascertain whether the biological abnormalitiies seen are a casue of OCD or result of the disorder

35
Q

strength of neural explanation

A

supporting evidence for role of some neural mechansims in OCD

e.g antidepressants that work purely on serotonin system increasing elvel of this neurotransmitter are effective in reducing OCD symptoms and this suggests that the serotonin system may be involved in OCD

also OCD symptoms form part of biological conditions such as parkinsons disease

this therfore suggets that the biological processes taht cause symptoms in those conditions may also be responsbile for OCD

Psychology A-level (87 decks)

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