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Psychology A-level > BIOPSYCHOLOGY - Divisions of the Nervous System > Flashcards

BIOPSYCHOLOGY - Divisions of the Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

fWhat is the Nervous System

A

specialised network of cells in the human body

our primary internal communication system

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2
Q

What are the two main functions of the Nervous System

A
  • collect, process and respond to info in the enviro
  • co-ordinate workings of diff organs and cells in body
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3
Q

What is the Nervous System divided into

A

CNS
PNS

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4
Q

What does the CNS provide

A

complex processing

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5
Q

What happens in teh brain

A

conscious and most unconscious processing

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6
Q

the brain is the centre of

A

all conscious awareness

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7
Q

what is the outerlayer of teh brain called

A

cereberal cortex

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8
Q

cereberal cortex only found in

A

mammals

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9
Q

the brain is what in humans

A

highly developed

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10
Q

the brain distinguishes our ….. from

A

higher mental functions from those of other animasl

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11
Q

onlya few living creatures dont have brains name three

A

jellyfish
sponges

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12
Q

brian is divided into

A

two hemispheres

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13
Q

Descrobe spinal cord

What it recieve and trnasmit,

what does it connect

what is it repsonsbibel or

A

-recieves and transmits info to and from brain and body
-connects nerves to PNS
-responsible for reflex actions e.g puling hand from a hot plate

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14
Q

What does PNS do

A

transmits messages
via millions of neurons
to and from CNS

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15
Q

sensory neurons are also now as

A

afferent neurons

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16
Q

Motor neurons are also known as

A

efferent neurons

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17
Q

What do sensory neurons do

A

carry info from sensory receptors to the CNS

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18
Q

What do motor neurons do

A

transmit info away from the CNS to muscles of the body

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19
Q

The peripheral nervous ysstem is spilt inot

A

Somatic NS
Autonomic NS

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20
Q

What does teh Somatic NS do + describe it
what does it control
what does it recieve and from where
what type of system is it .. so

A

-controls skeletal muscles for movement

-recieves info from sensory receptors

-voluntary system so under conscious control e.g you decide to move your arm

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21
Q

What does the Autonomic NS do

what does it control
what does it govern
what type of system is it… so

A

-controls internal organs and glands

-governs vital functions i.e heart rate

-involuntary system,not conscious i.e don’t decide to increase your heart rate/

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22
Q

What is the ANS split into

A

parasympathetic NS
sympathetic NS

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23
Q

What are features of Sympathetic ANS

when does it activate
what does it release
what does it in/decrease

A

Activates in stress resposne (i.e flight/fight)

releases noradrenaline

increases bodily activities e.g HR

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24
Q

What are features of the Parasympathetic ANS

when does it activate
what does it release
what does it in/decrease

A

Activates in rest (rest&digest e.g)

releases acetycholine

decreases bodily activities e.g HR,

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25
Q

Homeostasis

A

regulation of the internal environment

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26
Q

in homesotatis , normal conditions how are teh para/sympathetic systems

A

in balance and this is maintaining homeostasis

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27
Q

What does the endocrine system workalongside

A

nervous system

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28
Q

define endocrine system

A

one of bodys major info systems

that instructs glands to release hormones directly into the bloodstream

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29
Q

what is a gland

A

organ in the body that synthesises substances such as hormones

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30
Q

what are hromones

A

biochemical subtance that circulates in the blood and affecs target orgnas

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31
Q

hormones are produced in what type of quantities but…

A

large quanitites but disappear very quickly

32
Q

hormone effects aree very

A

powerful

33
Q

endocrine system works alongside nervous system to

A

control vital functions in the body

34
Q

does the endocrine system work slower of faster than nervous syste,

A

ES works slower than NS

35
Q

Even though endocrine system works slower than NS describe teh effects

A

widespread and powerful effects

36
Q

give an example of a gland

A

thyroid gland

37
Q

various glands such as thyroid gland produce

A

hormones

38
Q

what are hormones secreted into

A

bloodstream

39
Q

hormones secreted into the BS and affect any cell …

A

in body that has receptor for that particular hormone

40
Q

most hormones affect cells in more than

A

one body organ

41
Q

most hormones affect cells in more than one body organ leading to

A

many diverse and powerful responeses

42
Q

thyroid gland produces hormone …

A

thyroxine

43
Q

how does thyroxine affect cells int eh heart

A

increases heart rate

44
Q

how does thyroxine affect cells thoughout the body … and what does this affect

A

though increasing metabolic rates

growth rates

45
Q

key endocrine gland

A

pituitary gland

46
Q

where is pituitary gland and what is it known as

A

brain

master gland

47
Q

why is pituitary gland also known as master gland

A

ctrls release of hormones from all otehr endocrine glands in body

48
Q

state all 8 endocrine glands from bottom to top

A

hypothalamus
pituitary gland
thyroid
parathyroid
andrenal
pancreas
ovaries (f)
testes(m)

49
Q

often endocrine system and nervous system work in

A

parrallel with each other

50
Q

when would ES and NS work in parralel with each other

A

stressful event q

51
Q

what happens when stressor percieved

A

hypothalamus activates pituitary gland triggering activity in sympathetic branch of ANS

ANS changes from normal resting state to (parasympathetic state) psyhcologically aroused sympathetic state

52
Q

ADRENALINE after ans switches to sympathetic state what happens

A

adrenaline released

53
Q

ADRENALINE where is adrenaline relased from

A

adrenal medulla

54
Q

ADRENALINEafter adrenaline’s released waht does it trigger

and what does this create

A

phsyiologicla changes in the bidy (e.g increased heart rate)

creating physiological arousal necessary for flight/fight repsones

55
Q

ADRENALINE give example of adrenaline triggering physiologicla changes

A

increased HR

56
Q

IMMEDIATEAND AUTOMATIC In stressful event describe how the steps happen

A

in an instant as soon as threat detected

57
Q

IMMEDIATEAND AUTOMATIC give an exmaple of body repsonding in instant during a stressfulevent

A

heart rate increases when you xp fright

58
Q

IMMEDIATEAND AUTOMATIC describe response and reacton our body maes

A

acute repsones

automatic reaction

59
Q

how does the heart rate change in flight or fight with para symp and symp system

A

parasymp - decrease

symp - increase

60
Q

why does HR increase in fight/flight

A

to push blood to the muscles, heart, and other vital organs so enough energy and oxygen to confront or flee from threat

61
Q

how does BR change in fight/flight with para and symp system

A

parasymp - decreases
symp - increases

62
Q

why does BR increase in fight/flight

A

increase oxygenated blood to muscles to help fight/flight ??

63
Q

what happens to gut in F/F in symp and parasymp

A

symp - slows digestion

parasymo increases digestion

64
Q

what happens to salivary glands in ff in P/S

A

parasymp - increase saliva production

symp - decrease saliva production

65
Q

why do slaivary glands decrease saliva prod in fight/flight

A

becuase beginning of digestion and we dont need to digest so to save energy stops the process

66
Q

what does liver do in f/f in P/S

A

Psymp stimulates glucose production

Symp - stim bile production

why

67
Q

what does bladder do in f/f in P/S

A

Psymp - inhibs urination

Symp - stims urination

why

68
Q

what do eyes do in f/f in P/S

A

P - constricts pupils

S - dilaltes pupils

to let more light get into eye to help us see better to react effectivley

69
Q

What do lungs do in f/f in P/S

A

s- dilates bronchi
p - constricts bronchi

to intake more O2 - expand + ask if need to kno w

70
Q

what os acronym to remeber changes that take place in f/f

A

Girrafes

Shouls

Have

Longer

Backs

and Even

Legs

71
Q

PARASYMPA ACTIONS what happens when threat has passed

A

Parasymp returns body to resting state

72
Q

PARASYMPA ACTIONS how does Parasymp brnach of ans work with symp branch

A

in oppostion

73
Q

PARASYMP ACTOINS how would you describe parasymp actions towards symp

A

antagonistic

74
Q

PARASYMP ACTOINS what does para symp acts as and why

A

brake

to reduce activities of body that were increased by actions of symp brnach

75
Q

PARASYMP ACTOINS parasymp acting as brake to reduce act of body increased by activities of symp brnach lknown as

A

rest and digest repsones

76
Q

to sum up what does symo do

A

prepares body to expend energy for f/f

Psychology A-level (87 decks)

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