BIOPSYCHOLOGY - Divisions of the Nervous System Flashcards
fWhat is the Nervous System
specialised network of cells in the human body
our primary internal communication system
What are the two main functions of the Nervous System
- collect, process and respond to info in the enviro
- co-ordinate workings of diff organs and cells in body
What is the Nervous System divided into
CNS
PNS
What does the CNS provide
complex processing
What happens in teh brain
conscious and most unconscious processing
the brain is the centre of
all conscious awareness
what is the outerlayer of teh brain called
cereberal cortex
cereberal cortex only found in
mammals
the brain is what in humans
highly developed
the brain distinguishes our ….. from
higher mental functions from those of other animasl
onlya few living creatures dont have brains name three
jellyfish
sponges
brian is divided into
two hemispheres
Descrobe spinal cord
What it recieve and trnasmit,
what does it connect
what is it repsonsbibel or
-recieves and transmits info to and from brain and body
-connects nerves to PNS
-responsible for reflex actions e.g puling hand from a hot plate
What does PNS do
transmits messages
via millions of neurons
to and from CNS
sensory neurons are also now as
afferent neurons
Motor neurons are also known as
efferent neurons
What do sensory neurons do
carry info from sensory receptors to the CNS
What do motor neurons do
transmit info away from the CNS to muscles of the body
The peripheral nervous ysstem is spilt inot
Somatic NS
Autonomic NS
What does teh Somatic NS do + describe it
what does it control
what does it recieve and from where
what type of system is it .. so
-controls skeletal muscles for movement
-recieves info from sensory receptors
-voluntary system so under conscious control e.g you decide to move your arm
What does the Autonomic NS do
what does it control
what does it govern
what type of system is it… so
-controls internal organs and glands
-governs vital functions i.e heart rate
-involuntary system,not conscious i.e don’t decide to increase your heart rate/
What is the ANS split into
parasympathetic NS
sympathetic NS
What are features of Sympathetic ANS
when does it activate
what does it release
what does it in/decrease
Activates in stress resposne (i.e flight/fight)
releases noradrenaline
increases bodily activities e.g HR
What are features of the Parasympathetic ANS
when does it activate
what does it release
what does it in/decrease
Activates in rest (rest&digest e.g)
releases acetycholine
decreases bodily activities e.g HR,
Homeostasis
regulation of the internal environment
in homesotatis , normal conditions how are teh para/sympathetic systems
in balance and this is maintaining homeostasis
What does the endocrine system workalongside
nervous system
define endocrine system
one of bodys major info systems
that instructs glands to release hormones directly into the bloodstream
what is a gland
organ in the body that synthesises substances such as hormones
what are hromones
biochemical subtance that circulates in the blood and affecs target orgnas
hormones are produced in what type of quantities but…
large quanitites but disappear very quickly
hormone effects aree very
powerful
endocrine system works alongside nervous system to
control vital functions in the body
does the endocrine system work slower of faster than nervous syste,
ES works slower than NS
Even though endocrine system works slower than NS describe teh effects
widespread and powerful effects
give an example of a gland
thyroid gland
various glands such as thyroid gland produce
hormones
what are hormones secreted into
bloodstream
hormones secreted into the BS and affect any cell …
in body that has receptor for that particular hormone
most hormones affect cells in more than
one body organ
most hormones affect cells in more than one body organ leading to
many diverse and powerful responeses
thyroid gland produces hormone …
thyroxine
how does thyroxine affect cells int eh heart
increases heart rate
how does thyroxine affect cells thoughout the body … and what does this affect
though increasing metabolic rates
growth rates
key endocrine gland
pituitary gland
where is pituitary gland and what is it known as
brain
master gland
why is pituitary gland also known as master gland
ctrls release of hormones from all otehr endocrine glands in body
state all 8 endocrine glands from bottom to top
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
thyroid
parathyroid
andrenal
pancreas
ovaries (f)
testes(m)
often endocrine system and nervous system work in
parrallel with each other
when would ES and NS work in parralel with each other
stressful event q
what happens when stressor percieved
hypothalamus activates pituitary gland triggering activity in sympathetic branch of ANS
ANS changes from normal resting state to (parasympathetic state) psyhcologically aroused sympathetic state
ADRENALINE after ans switches to sympathetic state what happens
adrenaline released
ADRENALINE where is adrenaline relased from
adrenal medulla
ADRENALINEafter adrenaline’s released waht does it trigger
and what does this create
phsyiologicla changes in the bidy (e.g increased heart rate)
creating physiological arousal necessary for flight/fight repsones
ADRENALINE give example of adrenaline triggering physiologicla changes
increased HR
IMMEDIATEAND AUTOMATIC In stressful event describe how the steps happen
in an instant as soon as threat detected
IMMEDIATEAND AUTOMATIC give an exmaple of body repsonding in instant during a stressfulevent
heart rate increases when you xp fright
IMMEDIATEAND AUTOMATIC describe response and reacton our body maes
acute repsones
automatic reaction
how does the heart rate change in flight or fight with para symp and symp system
parasymp - decrease
symp - increase
why does HR increase in fight/flight
to push blood to the muscles, heart, and other vital organs so enough energy and oxygen to confront or flee from threat
how does BR change in fight/flight with para and symp system
parasymp - decreases
symp - increases
why does BR increase in fight/flight
increase oxygenated blood to muscles to help fight/flight ??
what happens to gut in F/F in symp and parasymp
symp - slows digestion
parasymo increases digestion
what happens to salivary glands in ff in P/S
parasymp - increase saliva production
symp - decrease saliva production
why do slaivary glands decrease saliva prod in fight/flight
becuase beginning of digestion and we dont need to digest so to save energy stops the process
what does liver do in f/f in P/S
Psymp stimulates glucose production
Symp - stim bile production
why
what does bladder do in f/f in P/S
Psymp - inhibs urination
Symp - stims urination
why
what do eyes do in f/f in P/S
P - constricts pupils
S - dilaltes pupils
to let more light get into eye to help us see better to react effectivley
What do lungs do in f/f in P/S
s- dilates bronchi
p - constricts bronchi
to intake more O2 - expand + ask if need to kno w
what os acronym to remeber changes that take place in f/f
Girrafes
Shouls
Have
Longer
Backs
and Even
Legs
PARASYMPA ACTIONS what happens when threat has passed
Parasymp returns body to resting state
PARASYMPA ACTIONS how does Parasymp brnach of ans work with symp branch
in oppostion
PARASYMP ACTOINS how would you describe parasymp actions towards symp
antagonistic
PARASYMP ACTOINS what does para symp acts as and why
brake
to reduce activities of body that were increased by actions of symp brnach
PARASYMP ACTOINS parasymp acting as brake to reduce act of body increased by activities of symp brnach lknown as
rest and digest repsones
to sum up what does symo do
prepares body to expend energy for f/f
