Research Methods : Self Report Techniques Flashcards
what are the self report techniques
questionnaires
interviews
questionnaire
preset list of questions/items a pt responds to
questionnaires used to assess
thoughts
feelings
what can a questionnaire consist of
questions to find out something
list of items designed to asses something
questionnaire may be used as part of an experiment to assess what
dependent variable
What are the differnet styles of a questionnaire
open ended q
closed qs
What is an open q
doesn’t have a fixed range of answers
repsondents free to answer however they like
what type of data do open ended q create
qualitative
+ve /-ve of qualitative data
wide range of different repsonses
difficult to quantify and analyse
what is a closed q
offers a fixed number of repsonses
give ways closed q can be asked
rate how you felt sclae of 1-10 (qualitative)
did you feel more - restrict to y/n (quantitative)
+ve and -ve of quantitative data
easy to analyse
lacked depth and detail we get with open qiestions
what’s key about closed q that produce qualitative data
can be turned into quantitative data
give an example of changing qualittative data to quantitiative
count number of y/n
3 types of interviews
structured
unstructured
semi structured
interview
live encounter whre one person asks anotehr questions to assess others thoughts/experiences
What is a structured interview
predetrmined set qs asked in a fixed order
strcutured interview is like a * but
questionnaire but conducted in real time
what happens in structured interview
interviewer asks q and waits for response
unstructured interview works like a
conversation
describe an unstructred interview
- no set q
- general aim topic will be discussed
- interaction tends to be free flowing
in an unstructured interview interviewee is encourgaed to
expand and elaborate on answers as promtted by teh interviewer
many interviews are
semi structured interviews
what is a semi structured interview
list of qs that have been worked out in advance
but interviwers free to ask follow up questions based on previous answers
strenght of questionnaires
cost effective
explain how q are cost effective
gather large data quickly and can be distributed to large number of people
why is large number of people important
determines volume of data collected
another advantage of a questionnaire
can be completed without researcher being present e.g postal so this reduces the effort involved and saves time
data in questionnaires usualyy straightforawd to
analyse
data in q usually straightforward to analsye especially in the case where
uses manily fixed choice q
what does data lends itself to in questionaires
statistical analysis
comparisons between groups of people can be made using graphs and charts
-ve of q
response not always truthful
exaplin why response not always truthful
respondents mwant to present themselves in a good light and this influences their answer
e.g how much time do you spenf on your phone people will undererstimat e
another -ve og q
response bias
explain response bias as a -ve of q
tend to reply in a similar way e.g always ticking yes
why might there be reponse bias
complete q too quick and fail to read q properly
a particular form of response bias is
acquiescence bias
what is acquiescene bias
tendency to agree with items on a q regardless of content of the q
explain advantage of a structured interview
like q straightforward to replicate due tot ehri standardised format
standardised formati in interviews and q also
reduces differences between interviewers
-ve of structured interview
impossible interviewers to deviate from topic / explain their questions
explian how its negative for imporrsonle inters to deviate /explainq
limits richness of data collected and as well as limit unexpected info
+Ve of unstructured interview
more flexibility
+ve of more flexibility
can follow up points when they come up and much more likely to gain insight into worldwide view of interviewwee
including getting unexpected info
counter point of more flexibility in unstructured interview
interviewer bias
-ve of unstructured interview
analysing data not straightforward
explain the analysing dta not straight forward
researcher has to sift through irrelevant info
drawing firm conclusions may be difficult
another -ve of unstructured interviews
interviewees may lie for social desirability
how can you reduce affect in unstructure interview for interviewees lying for social desirability
skilled experienced interview establish good rapport so perosn feels comfortable when answering sensititve topic therfore more truthful
