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Psychology A-level > ATTACHMENT : Stages Of Attachment > Flashcards

ATTACHMENT : Stages Of Attachment Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Schaffer and Emerson study

A

attachment behaviours of babies

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2
Q

Studying attachment behaviours led Schagger and Emerson to?

A

Develop an account of how attachment behaviours in babies change as they get older

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3
Q

How many stages of attachment are there

A

4

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4
Q

stage the 4 stsages of atthemtn

A

asocial stage
indiscriminate attachment
specific attachment
multiple attachments

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5
Q

First stage is called

A

Asocial Stage

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6
Q

ASOCIAL STAGE - in a babies first few eeks of life its behaviour towards humans and innanimate objects is

A

fairly similar

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7
Q

ASOCIAL STAGE - did schaffer and emerson believe babies behaviour was totally asocial

A

no

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8
Q

ASOCIAL STAGE - why did schaffer and emerson not believe attachment was entirkey asocial

A

even at this stage babies showed signs they prefer to be with people

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9
Q

ASOCIAL STAGE - babies tend to show a prefernece for ?

A

company of familiar people

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10
Q

ASOCIAL STAGE - whats significant about babies showing prefernece for company of familiar people

A

they are more easily comforted by them

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11
Q

ASOCIAL STAGE - at this stage a baby is forming bonds wit * and what does this do ?

A

certain people which form the basis of later attchments

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12
Q

Stage 2 is called

A

Indiscriminate attachment

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13
Q

INDISCRIMINATE ATTACHMENT - How old are babies in indiscirimante attachment

A

2-7months

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14
Q

INDISCRIMINATE ATTACHMENT - What do babies display more

A

obvious and observable social behaviours

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15
Q

INDISCRIMINATE ATTACHMENT- Babies show a clear prefernece for

A

being with other humans rather than inanimate objects

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16
Q

INDISCRIMINATE ATTACHMENT - babies recognise and prefer

A

company of familiar people

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17
Q

INDISCRIMINATE ATTACHMENT however at this stage what do babies accept

A

cuddles and comfort from anyone

18
Q

INDISCRIMINATE ATTACHMENT - what do babies not show

A

seperation anxiety when caregiver leaves prescence

stranger anxiety - as they can accept cuddles and comfort form anyone} ask miss sweeney

19
Q

What is Stage 3

A

Specific Attachment

20
Q

What age does specific attachment start from

A

from around 7 months

21
Q

What happens in specific attachment

A

majority of babies show classic signs of attachment towards a particular person

22
Q

what are the classic signs of attachment

A

stranger anxiety

seperation anxiety

23
Q

When a baby shows the classic signs of attachment they are said to have formed

A

a specific attachment

24
Q

What is a primary attachment figure

A

the person with whom the attachment is formed

25
Q

tell me important things about the primary attchment figure

A

not necessarily who child spends most time with

but

offers the most interaction

responds to baby’s signal with most skill/ sensitive to the babies needs

26
Q

what % of cases is the primary attachment figure the babies mother

A

65

27
Q

Stage 4 is called

A

Multiple Attachments

28
Q

What happens in stage 4

A

shortly after showing atrtahcment behaviour towards one person they extend this behaviour to multiple attahcments - other people they regularly spend time with

babies show classical signs of attachment to other people they reguraly spend time with

29
Q

What are secondary attachments

A

when a baby extends attachment behaviour towards other people they regularly spend time with

30
Q

some children formed secondary attachments within how long of formin a specific attachment

A

within a month

31
Q

What % of children fromed secondary attachments within a month of forming a specifc attahcment

A

29%

32
Q

By what age do most babies form multiple attachments

A

1

33
Q

What did Schaffe + Emy base their theiry on

A

observational study of formation of early infant attachments

34
Q

What was the number of the smaple

A

60 babies

31 -boys
29- girls

35
Q

Where was the sample from

A

Glasgow

36
Q

What class where the majority of the sample size/ familiesform

A

working class

37
Q

outline the procedure of schaffer and emerson research

A

researchers vsited babies and mother in their own homes every month for the first year and then again at 18 motnhs

researchers asked mums Q about kind of protests their babies showed in 7 everyday situations e.g adult leaving room - seperation anxiety - this was designed to measure babies attahcment

38
Q

outline findigns of schaffer and emerson esearch

A

they identified 4 distinct stages in the development of infant attachment behaviour

which make up their dtage thoeyr

39
Q

eval good external vailidty

A

has good EV

most of the obsv were made by parents during eeryday practices and reported to the researchers

the alterative would have been to have research at present to record obsv .
this might have distracted babies or made him feel anxious

this means it is highly likely that the particpants behaved naturally whilst being observed and that the results can be generalised to everyday situations

40
Q

evakl - counterpoit ev

A

on the other hand issues w asking mums to be observers as they are unlikely to be obj

may have been biased in terms of whatthey noticed and what they reported
for example they amy not have noticed wehn their baby was showing signs of anxiety or may have misremebered it

this means that even if babies behave naturally their behaviour may not have been accuractley recorded

41
Q

eval - problems studying asocial satge

A

one limitation of stages is validity of meausre used to asssess attachment in the asocial stage

young babies lack coord and are fialrly immobile
if babies less than 2 months old felt anxiety in everyday situations they might have displayed this in a subtle hard to observe ways

this may have made it difficult for mums to obsere and report back to researchers on signs of anxiety and attachment in this age group

this means babaies may be quite social but becuase of flawed methods they appear to be asocial

42
Q

real world applications

A

strenght - practical applications in day care

in asocial and indiscrimante attach ment stages day care is likely to be straightforward

however schaffer and emerson research tell us day care , especially starting with an unfamiliar

Psychology A-level (87 decks)

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