SOCIAL INFLUENCE - OBEDIENCE

Question 1

What did Miligram design

Answer 1

baseline procedure that could be used to assess obedience levels

Question 2

obedience

Answer 2

form of social influence in whihc an individual follows a direct order

Question 3

discuss procedure of test

Answer 3

40 american men - volunteered to take part in a memory study

when arrived greeted by a confederate/partipcint

drew a lot to see who would be teacher and learner - lot was fixed so pt always teacher

also an experimentere - dressed in gray lab coat
learner had to rember a pair of words eahc time got them wrong got increasing shock

when teachergot to 300 volts learner pounded on the wall and gave no repsosne to next q

at 315 volts pounded on wall again then silent for rest of procedure

4 prods the experimenter used to order teacher to conitnue

1- please continue
2- teh experiment requires that you continue
3- its absolutley essential you continue
4- you have no choice but to continue

Question 4

when miligramd design were adapted what where they used for

Answer 4

to mkae ocmparisons

Question 5

what was the sample

Answer 5

40 american men

volunteered to take part in a study - on memenry

Question 6

when each volunteer arived they were introduced to

Answer 6

another pt (confederate of miligrams)w

Question 7

they vounteer drew lots to determine

Answer 7

who wold be teacher T and who would be learner L

Question 8

The draw was

Answer 8

fixed

Question 9

why was draw fixed

Answer 9

so pt always the teacher

Question 10

describe the otehr person ivolved

Answer 10

experiemtner E

(confederate dressed in a grey lab coat )

Question 11

what did thestudy aim to assess

Answer 11

obedience in a situation where an authority figure (experimenter) ordered participant (teacher) to give increasingly strong shocks to learner located in diff room

Question 12

describe the range of shock

Answer 12

15 volts to 450volts

Question 13

describe the shocks

Answer 13

fake but teacher didnt know this

Question 14

how many pt delivered all shocks up to 300 volts

Answer 14

all

Question 15

what percentage of pt stopped at 300 volts

Answer 15

12.5%

Question 16

how many pt continud to teh highest level of volts

i.e were fully obedient

Answer 16

65%

Question 17

miligram alos collected

Answer 17

qualitative data

Question 18

what qualitative data did milgram collect

Answer 18

observations

Question 19

what were the observations milgram collected

Answer 19

pt showing signs of extreme trnsions e.g tremble , stutter , bite their lips

3 had full blown uncontrollable seizures

Question 20

before the study what did milgram do

Answer 20

asked 14 psych pt to predict pt behaviour

Question 21

what did the students estimate

Answer 21

no more than 3 % of pt would continue to 450 volts

Question 22

based on psych students underestimating how obedient people actually are how would we describe the findings

Answer 22

unexpected

Question 23

after the study what was doe to pt

Answer 23

debriefed

and assured their behaviour was entirley normal

also sent a follow up questionnaire

Question 24

in the follow up questionnaire what % of people said they were glad to have pt

Answer 24

84%

Question 25

what did milgram conclude

Answer 25

german people not different

Question 26

why did milgram conclude german people werent differnt

Answer 26

as american pt were willing to obey orders even thogh may harm another person

Question 27

why did milgrma conduct further studies

Answer 27

suspected there were certain factos in the situation that encouraged obedience

Question 28

what are our a03 points

Answer 28

ethical issues
good external validity
lack internal validity

Question 29

LIMITATION - ETHICAL ISSUES

broke several x guidelines

he x pt for example x of role x that was x

due to x of task Milgram didnt protect pt from x x
since many of them showed signs of x x in experiment and may have continued to feel x following the x knowing they could’ve x another human x

some x of Milgram believed these x could serve to x x of psychology and x future research

Answer 29

broke several ethical guidelines

he decieved pt for example rigging of role allocation that was predetermined

due to nature of task Milgram didnt protect pt from psychological harm
since many of them showed signs of real distress in experiment and may have continued to feel guilty following the exp knowing they could’ve harmed another human being

some critics of Milgram believed these breaches could serve to damage reputation of psychology and jeopardise future research

Question 30

STRENGTH - GOOD EXTERNAL VALIDITY

Although at first x seem to lack x x as it was conducted in a x

it was argued the x between x xand the x,x reflected wider x relationships in real x

research conducted by x et al supports this claim as x on hospital ward were x and they found x levels of obedience to x x by doctors with x/22 nurses obeying

this suggests x of obedience to x that occured in the x study can be x to other situations, giving us x info about x in real x

Answer 30

Although at first glance seem to lack external validity as it was conducted in a lab

it was argued the relationship between authority figure and the pt accurately reflected wider authority relationships in real life

research conducted by hoffling et al supports this claim as nurses on hospital ward were studied and they found high levels of obedience to unjustified demands by doctors with 21/22 nurses obeying

this suggests processes of obedience to authority that occured in the lab study can be generalised to other situations, giving us valuable info about obedience in real life

Question 31

LIMITAITON - Lack of internal validity

psychologists claimed pt didnt x in the x of exp

as despite fact learner cried out in pain, experimenter remained x and x - lead pt to x victim couldn’t be x any x harm

to support this perry listed x of milgrmas pt and discovered many expressed x at time about whether the x were x

this therefore means pt may have just been x x with study and not behaving x , suggesting milgram not x what he claimed
therefore lowering the x validity of his findings

Answer 31

psychologists claimed pt didnt believe in the setup of exp

as despite fact learner cried out in pain, experimenter remained cool and distant - lead pt to believe victim couldn’t be suffering any real harm

to support this perry listed tapes of milgrmas pt and discovered many expressed doubts at time about whether the shocks were real

this therefore means pt may have just been going along with study and not behaving naturally , suggesting milgram not testing what he claimed
therefore lowering the internal vlidity of his findings