Research Methods : Experimental Designs

Question 1

experimetnal design

Answer 1

how pt arranged

in relation to

investigating different experimental conditions

Question 2

independent group design

Answer 2

2/ separate groups of pt

experience diff conditions

within the experiment

Question 3

in independednt group if two levels of IV how many IV do pt experience

Answer 3

1

Question 4

what is compared between the two groups in independent group design

Answer 4

performance

Question 5

what is a repeated measure design

Answer 5

all particpants experiecne both conditions of the experiment

Question 6

give e.g of how REPEATED MEASURES DESIGN would work - read the group design im asking for !

Answer 6

all partipants try condition a then allpt try condition b

Question 7

what is compared in repeated measures and why

Answer 7

means of conditions

to see if theres difference

Question 8

what os amtched pair design

Answer 8

pt paired based on variables relevant to experiment and then spit into different experimental conditions e.g iq

Question 9

explain how pt matched together in memory study on the basis of IQ

Answer 9

matched on iqs as indicator of ability to recall info

top 2 iqs paired together
then perosn 1 experiences condition a
person 2 experiences confiiton b

and so on

Question 10

what do matched pairs attempt to control

Answer 10

confounding variable of pt variables

Question 11

what does a matched pair require if it is to be effective

Answer 11

pretest if matching is to be effective

Question 12

how could you select matched pairs when observing hwo chattiness affected by coke

Answer 12

observe two chattiest people in the waiting room

Question 13

its key : in an experiment the matched pair after being selected is then ran how ?

Answer 13

in same way as independent groups

Question 14

-ve/biggest issue of a pt group (pv)

pt who … the … groups are not the … in terms of …. variables

Answer 14

Pt who OCCUPY the DIFFERENT groups are not the SAME in terms of PARTICIPANT variables

Question 15

exaplin the biggest issue of IGD (PV)

biggest issue with independent group design is participants who occupy the different groups are not the …. in terms of ….

so if researcher finds a …. between the groups on the …. ….
this may be more to do with … .. than the effects of the …

therefore these differences may act as a … … reducing the …. of the …

Answer 15

biggest issue with IGD is pt who occupy the different groups are not the SAME in terms of PT VARIABLES

so if researcher finds A DIFFERENCE between group on the DV this may be more to do with the PV instead of effects of the IV

therfore these differences may act as a CONFOUNDING VARIABLE

reducing the VALIDITY of the FINDINGS

Question 16

how can you deal with pt in diffreent groups not being equal in terms of PT variables

Answer 16

random allocation

Question 17

Random Allocation

evenly …. the pt ….

across …. of the experiment

using … techniques

Answer 17

evenly distributing pt characteristics

across conditions of experiment

using random techniques

Question 18

give an example of random allocation

Answer 18

paper with A/B written on them

placed in hat

researcher selects them one at a time to assign pt to groups

Question 19

r -ve of independent group design (Point about RMD)

Answer 19

less economical than repeated measures

Question 20

explain why IGD less economical than repeated measures

each pt contributes a .. .. only

therfore … times as many participants are …. to produce …. …. to that collected in a … … …

this therefore increases …. and … spent on recruiting pt

Answer 20

pt contributes SINGLE RESULT

2x many needed produce EQUIVALENT DATA that collected in RMD

therefore increases TIME/MONEY spent on recruting pt

Question 21

+ves of IGD (0rder effect) short

prevents … ….

which is a problem in .. .. ..

as only … … condition

pt are … likely to … the aim which reduces …. ….

Answer 21

prevents order effect - a problem in RM

as only experience ONE condition

pt less likely to guess the aims which reduces DEMAND CHARACTERSITICS

Question 22

biggest issue for RMD

Answer 22

order effects

eahc pt min 2 tasks

order of tasks may be significant

Question 23

give e.g of when order effects happen in RMD

drinking coke in our chatty patty experiment

Answer 23

drinking coke may have continuing effects when drinking water

Question 24

how do you deal with order efffects

Answer 24

counterbalancing

Question 25

DEFINE counterbalancing

Answer 25

attempt to control order effect in RMD

Question 26

Explain how CB works

Answer 26

ha;f pt do Condtion a-b
half do cnodition b-a

e.g p1 a-b
p2 b-a
p3 a-b

Question 27

cool way to rember CB

Answer 27

ABBA

Question 28

What’s key about CB as with random allocation in relation to PV

doesnt … the problem

but attemps to … out the …

Answer 28

Don’t remove / prevent problem

but attemps to balance out the effects

but attempts to balcnce out effects

Question 29

LIMTATION OF repeated measure design

Order effect arise as repeating two taks can create …/….that may casue a …in performance on the second task

so it matter what … the tasks are in

alternativley pt performance may …. through effects of …

especially on a … … … - i.e pt may perform … on the second task

therfore order acts a … variable

which reduces the … of findings of experiment

Answer 29

LIMTATION OF repeated measure design

Order effect arise as repeating two taks can create BOREDOM/FATIGUE that may casue a DETERIORATION in performance on the second task

so it matter what ORDER the tasks are in

alternativley pt performance may IMPROVE through effects of PRACTICE

especially on a SKILL BASED TASK - i.e pt may perform BETTER on the second task

therfore order acts a CONFOUNDING variable

which reduces the VALIDITY of findings of experiment

Question 30

LIMITATION OF RMD - demand charcatersitics

demand charactersitics are more of a … of RMD than … … …

as partcipants … all the … of the EXPERIMENT

so Its … likely they’ll …. the… of the STUDY

this means Participant’s … is no longer … therfore this becomes an …. that may affect the … VARIABLE and therefore reduce the … of the findings

Answer 30

demand charactersitics are more of a FEATURE of RMD than INDEPENDENT GROUP DESIGN

as partcipants EXPERIENCE all the CONDITINOS of the EXPERIMENT

so Its MORE likely they’ll WORK OUT the AIMS of the STUDY

this means Participant’s BEHAVIOUR is no longer NATURAL therfore this becomes and EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE that may affect the DEPENDENT VARIABLE and therefore reduce the VALIDITY of the findings

Question 31

STRENGTH of using RMD participant variables

….. …. are controlled this is thereforre gives the research higher … as the same participants …… in both/all …..

Answer 31

PARTICIPANT VARIABLES are controlled this therfore gives the researche higher VALIDITY as the same particiants PARTICIPATE in both/all CONDITIONS

Question 32

STRENGHT OF RMD - more economical

… participants are needed therfore less …./…. spent on recruiting them

Answer 32

more economical as

FEWER participiants are need therefore less TIME/MONEY spent on recruiting them

Question 33

+ve of MPD (single condition)

…. only take part in a …. ….

so … effects and … charcteristics are less of a problem

meaning …. validity

Answer 33

PT only take part in a SINGLE CONDITION

so ORDER effects and DEMAND charcteristics are less of a problem

meaning HIGHER. validity of researh + compared to otther design

Question 34

-ve of MPD(pv)

although tehres …. to reduce OV

participants are …. exactly ….
even identical …

becuase there will still be ….. ….. between them that may affect DV

Which can reduce validity of research - si this right

Answer 34

although ATTEMPTS to reduce PV

particpants are NEVER exactly MATCHED even idnetical TWINS

as there will still be IMPORTANT differences between them that may affect DV

Question 35

-ve of MPD (OC/resources) less economical

matching may be …. …. and ….

particulaury is theres a …. …. required therfore its less …. than other experimental designs

Answer 35

matching may be TIME CONSUMING and .EXPENSIVE
particulaury is theres a PRE TEST required therfore

its less ECONOMICAL than other experimental designs