Cognitive Approach

Question 1

When + Whywas cognitive approach developed

Answer 1

1950s as a response to FAILURE OF THE BHV AP to acknowledge mental processes

Question 2

ASSUMPTION - What is the cognitive approach to the behaviouist approach

Answer 2

cog approach in direct contrast to the

Question 3

ASSUMPTION - What does the cognitive approach argue

Answer 3

Internal mental processes

can and should

be studied scientifically

Question 4

ASSUMPTION - the cog approach argues internal and mental processes shoudl eb studied so as a result …

Answer 4

Cognitive approach investigates areas HB

neglected by behaviourist approach

such as memory, attention, perception, language and thinking

Question 5

ASSUMPTION - Attention , memory , perception , thinking

where do they occur

so what

therefore what

Answer 5

occur in the mind

so are private mental processes

therefore studied indirectly via inferences

Question 6

ASSUMPTION - What is meant by inference

Answer 6

process drawing conclusions
about what’s occuring in someones mind
based on their observed behaviour

Question 7

ASSUMPTION - What are humans seen as

Answer 7

information processorts

Question 8

ASSUMPTION - what is the cognitive approach concerned with

Answer 8

how thinking and knowing shape our behaviour

Question 9

what was generated from inference

Answer 9

theoretical and computer models

Question 10

THEORETICAL AND COMPUTER MODELS - what do congitive psychologists use T&CM for

Answer 10

understnad internal mental processes

Question 11

THEORETICAL AND COMPUTER MODELS - what are theoretical computer models

Answer 11

simplified diagrams rep steps involved internal mental processes

(in picture form represented by boxes and arrows that represent the flow of flow direction and stages)

Question 12

THEORETICAL AND COMPUTER MODELS - what are computer models and how they created

Answer 12

computer simulations of mental processes

created with the help of programmers

Question 13

THEORETICAL AND COMPUTER MODELS - how do computer models work / mental processes work using a computer analigy

Answer 13

info passed through senses(input)

then combined with previously stored info(process)

to then complete task (output)

Question 14

THEORETICAL AND COMPUTER MODELS - what do both models do

Answer 14

assits with research

Question 15

THEORETICAL AND COMPUTER MODELS - how do both models assist with research being conducted

Answer 15

allow researchers to test their hypothesis then model gets changed depending on what they find

Question 16

THEORETICAL AND COMPUTER MODELS - what is an important theoretical approach

Answer 16

info processing approach

Question 17

THEORETICAL AND COMPUTER MODELS - What does the info processing approach show

Answer 17

how info flows through a sequence of cog systems that include

input
storage
retrieval

e.g multistoremodel

Question 18

ROLE OF SCHEMA - What are cognitive processes affected by

Answer 18

SCHEMA

Question 19

ROLE OF SCHEMA - Define schema

Answer 19

package of beliefs and expectations on a topic that come from prior experience

Question 20

ROLE OF SCHEMA - how does schema progresss

Answer 20

develops with age

begin with simple, innate , motor schema e.g grabbing

then develop through experience with the environment

Question 21

ROLE OF SCHEMA - what do schema help us do

Answer 21

respond to situations appropriatley

Question 22

ROLE OF SCHEMA - how does schem operate

Answer 22

prcesses and catalogues info really quickly via cog shortcuts such as assumptions and stereotypes

Question 23

ROLE OF SCHEMA - Why does schema operate in this useful way

Answer 23

we’re confronted with a large numebr of info ona daily basis and be overwhelmed & schema allows us to predict what’ll happen

Question 24

ROLE OF SCHEMA - What is a negative of schema

Answer 24

can lead to faulty conclusions and unhelpful behaviour e.g disctimination and stereotyped - lead to social hostility

interpretations can be distorted & incorrect e.g EWT may report expectations of events due to schem filling in blanks rather than reporting what’s happened

Question 25

ROLE OF SCHEMA - Explain the process of schema and why it does what it does

Answer 25

• fills in blanks and distorts what we remember just so we aren’t left w a blank memory

Question 26

COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE - Define it

Answer 26

scientific study of the influence of brain structure (neuro) on mental processes (cognition)

Question 27

COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE - What’s happened over the last 20 years and why

Answer 27

cog NS has advanced massivley

due to advances in brain imagery techniques e.g fMRii and PET scans

Question 28

COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE - what has cognitive neuroscience advancing massiley allowed

Answer 28

scientists to systematically observe & describe neurological basis of mental processes

Question 29

COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE - what has the focus exapnded to include

Answer 29

use of computational models which led to development of brain fingerprinting which in the future could be used to e.g

measure brainwaves of EW in court to see if they’re lying or not

Question 30

EVALUATION CA - counter argument - Strength

uses objective scientific method

Answer 30

uses obj scientific method

so used highy controlled & rigorous studies which allowed rsrchers infer cog processes (producing results can further help society in mental health?)

use lab studies so sure produces reliable ,objective data - high IV : indicates strength research method used & ensures validity of the approach

Question 31

EVALUATION CA - counter argument - Limitation

inference

Answer 31

relies inference of mental processes rather than direct observations of behaviour

so suffers being too abstract and theoretical & often includes artificial stimuli e.g memory experiment?
- so many not rep everyday experience so research on cog processes lacks EV

problem as aim scientific research - put out generalisable data about the real world so hard to extrapolate results from lab to real life +may not rep how cognitive processing is in real life

Question 32

EVALUATION CA - Strength - real world application

Answer 32

dominant approach in psychology today

involved, development AI na dthinking machinidse that could revolutionise how we live in the future

also used in explanation & treatment of depression via identifying & challenging of negative thought patterns , which considered to be big factor in conditions such as OCD, Anxiety Disorders , Depression

As its got practical applications in real worls , it supports value of the cognitive approach

Question 33

EVALUATION CA - Limitation - cog approach based on machine reductionism

Answer 33

although similars btwn humand mind and operations of computer the analogy criticised by many

ignores influence of human emotion&motivation on behaviour & reduces everything down to a basic computer analogy

this is prob as thoughts&emotions can affect ability to process info e.g EW affected by emotional factors such as anxiety

SUGGESTS MACHINE REDUCTIONISM WEAKENS VALIDITY OF THE COGNITIVE APPROACH