MEMORY: Research into Duration

Question 1

researchers of STM

Answer 1

Peterson x 2

Question 2

Who did P2 test

Answer 2

24 students in 8 trials

Question 3

each trial was

Answer 3

a test

Question 4

Each trial the student was given a what to remeber

Answer 4

consonant syllable(YCG) and 3 digit number

Question 5

What did students have to do in P2 study

Answer 5

count backwards fromm 3 digit number till told to stop

Question 6

Why did student s have to count backwards from 3 digit number

Answer 6

prevent mental rehersal of the consonant syllable which would increase duration of STM for it

Question 7

On each trial students were told to stop after

Answer 7

varying periods of time (retention interval)

Question 8

What were the retention intervals students were told to stop at

Answer 8

3.,6,9,12,15,18

Question 9

After 3 seconds what was avg recall

Answer 9

80%

Question 10

After 18 seconds what was avg recall

Answer 10

3%

Question 11

What do P2 findings suggest

Answer 11

duration STM about 18 seconds unless verbal rehersal used

Question 12

Limitation of P2 study

Answer 12

stimulus material was artificial

Question 13

Go further into expalining the limitation of the P2 study

Answer 13

although not completley useless a veces gotta remeber meaningless info (phone#)

however recall of CS doesnt mirror most everyday memory activities - where we try remeber meaningful info

therefore suggests study lacks EV ( ecological vaidity) as it may not be possible to generalise findings to everyday life

Question 14

Who did study of duration of LTM

Answer 14

Bahrick

Question 15

who did Bahrick study

Answer 15

392 americans 17-74

Question 16

What was obtained etither directly from pt or some schools

Answer 16

highschool yearbooks

Question 17

What were the 2 ways recall was tested

Answer 17

free recall - all names of their graduating class
photo recognition test out of 50 photos - some pics from pt high school yb photos

Question 18

how accurate were participants tested within 15 years for PHOTO RECOGNITION

Answer 18

90% accurate

Question 19

After 48 years how accurate was recall - PHOTO RECOGNITION

Answer 19

70%

Question 20

T/F free recall was more accurate rather than photo recognition

Answer 20

false

Question 21

How accurate was free recall after 15 years

Answer 21

60%

Question 22

How accurate was free recall after 48 years

Answer 22

30%

Question 23

What does Bahrick’s research show about LTM

Answer 23

may last up to a lifetime for some material

Question 24

Strenght of Bahricks research

Answer 24

study has high external validity

Question 25

Explain strength of Bahricks research

Answer 25

has high EV as researchers investigated meaningful memories (names and faces)

when studies on LTM conducted with meaningless pictures to be remembered :recall rates lower

suggesting B et als findings reflect a more realistic estimate of duration of LTM