MEMORY: Retrieval Failure due to Absence Cues Flashcards
why do people forget infor
insufficient cues
when info intially placed in memory what is stored at the same time
associated cues
if cues not available at the time of recall it may appear as if
you’ve forgotten teh infor but really due to retrieval failure
What is retrieval failure
form of forgetting when we dont have necessary cues to access mem
mem avaiable but not accessible unless suitable cue provided
Tulving reviewed research into retrieval failure and found a consistent pattern he called
the encoding specificity principle
What is the ESP
If cue going to be helpful must be both
present at encoding
present at retrieval
according to the ESP when will there be forgetting
cues available at encoding&retrieval = different
cue entirley absent @ retrieval
some cues are encoded at the time of learning in a
meanigful way
give example of a cue being encoded in a meaningful way
mnemonics
What are the two examples of non meaningful cues
context and state dependent forgetting
Context dependent forgetting
recall dependent on external cue
e.gweather/place
State dependent forgetting
recall depends on internal cue
e.g being drunk
Who did research on CDF
Godden and Baddeley
Who did they do CDF
Deep sea divers
Why did they do CDF research on deep sea divers
see if training on land helped/hindered
their work underwater
What were the four conditions in research on CDF
learn on land - recall on land
learn on land - recall underwater
learn underwater - recall underwater
learn underwater - recall on land
What was the finding for research on CDF
Accurate recall 40% lower in non matching conditions
What was conclusion for CDF from findings
x failure happened cause …
RetrievalFailure happened casue EC at learning different to those available at recall
who did Research on State Dependenpt Forgetting
Carter and Cassady
in SDF what did pt get
antihestamine drugs
what effect di antihestamine have and how did it make pt feel
mild sedative effect
made pt slightly drowsy
the AH created
an internal phsyological state differnet from the normal state of being awake and alert
What did pt have to learn and do
list of words and passages of prose
then recall the info again
in RfSDF what were the conditions
learn on drug - recall when on drug
learn on drug - recall when not on drug
learn not on drug - recall when not on drug
learn not on drug - recall when on drug