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Psychology A-level > MEMORY: Multi Store Model of Memory > Flashcards

MEMORY: Multi Store Model of Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Multi Store Model describes how ?

A

How information flows through the memory syste

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2
Q

The Multi Store Model suggests memory is what

A

made up of three stores linked by processing

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3
Q

What passes into the sensory register

A

all stimuli from the environment

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4
Q

the sensory register made of what

A

several registers (sensory memeory stores)

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5
Q

in the sensory register it has several registers what are each of them for

A

one for each of our five senses

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6
Q

Coding in each store is

A

modality specific

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7
Q

What does modality specific mean

A

depends on the sense

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8
Q

What is the store coding for visual information

A

iconic memory

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9
Q

What is the store coding acoustically

A

echoic memory

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10
Q

describe teh dsuration of material in the SR

A

very brief

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11
Q

How long (be specific) is the duration of material in the SENSORY REGISTER

A

Less than half a second

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12
Q

Describe the capacity of the SR

A

high

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13
Q

Give an example of the high capacity in the SR

A

100 million cells + in one eye,each storing data

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14
Q

infomation only passes further through memory system if

A

pay attention to it ( a key process)

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15
Q

How is info in STM coded

A

acoustically

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16
Q

How long does info in stm last for , unless

A

18 seconds

unless use rehersal

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17
Q

As info in STM lasts for 18 seconds STM is considered more of a

A

temporary store

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18
Q

True or false STM is a limited capacity store

A

TRUE

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19
Q

Why is STM a limtied capacity store

A

can only contain a certain # of things before forgetting occurs

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20
Q

describe the range for the capacity of STM

A

5-9 (7+-2)

21
Q

but cowan believes the range of the STM is

A

5 rather than 9 (4+-1)

22
Q

Define Maintenance rehersal

A

repeating material over and over again

23
Q

we can keep material in the STM as longs as

A

we rehearse it

24
Q

How does info pass into the LTM (KEY!!!)

A

rehearse it long enough

25
Q

Define LTM

A

Potentially permanent memory store for info rehearsed for a prolonged period of time

26
Q

LTM coded mostly

A

semantically

27
Q

Duration of LTM

A

May be up to a lifetime

28
Q

Why do Psychologists think duration of LTM up to a lofetime

A

Bahrick et al study showed ppt remebered names and faces of classmates almost 50 years of graduating

29
Q

capacity of LTM

A

Unlimited

30
Q

according to the MSM when we want to recall info from LTM

A

Has to be transferred to back into STM via retrieval

31
Q

Describe case of HM

A

Brain Surgery for Epilepsy
but prodcedure in infancy so removed hippocampus from both sides of the brain
this was central to memory function

32
Q

When HM memory asseseed in 1955 what year did he think it was

A

53

33
Q

How old did HM think he was

A

27 when he was 31

34
Q

T/F HM had little recall of the operation

A

T

35
Q

What type of Memory could HM no longer form

A

LTM

36
Q

How do we know he couldnt form LTM

A

Kep rereading the same magazine without rembering it

37
Q

Also HM couldnt recall

A

what he had eaten earlier the same day

38
Q

However despite all the forgetting HM did well on…

A

tests of immediate memory span: a measure of the STM

39
Q

How does HM support the MSM

A

shows L/STM two distinct stores

40
Q

Strength of the MSM - RESEARCH SUPPORT

A

studies support the LTM and STM being 2 distinct stores

41
Q

Explain Strength of the MSM - RESEARCH SUPPORT

A

Baddeley found less accurtae recall with acousticlaly simlar for STM

and less accuarte recall for semantically simlar with STM

as well as HM not being able to recall the year /age(LTM) but able to do well in immediate memmory span tests (stm)

these both indicate the S/LTM stores are independent and seperate as claimed by the MSM therefore improving teh validity of ti

42
Q

What is counterpoint of Strength of the MSM - RESEARCH SUPPORT

A

We form memories related to useful things in real everyday life (names, places, faces)

however studies supporting MSM used artificial meanigless stimuli such as digits, letters and consonoant syllables that have no personal meaning

so msm may not be valid model of how memory works in our everyday lives

where we gotta rember more meanigful info

43
Q

1 . What is a limtitation of the MSM

A

there’s evidence for more than one STM store

44
Q
  1. Explain limtiation of MSM (evidence for more than one STM store)
A

Shallice and Warringotn studied KF - had amnesia
his STM for digits poor when read out loud to him but better when he read them to himself

further studies of KF + others indicated there could be another STM store for non verbal sounds (e.g noises)

therefore evidence suggests MSM wrong in claiming just one STM store processing different types of info (visual,auditory)

45
Q

2 what is a limitation of the MSM

A

Prolonged rehersal isn’t needed for transfer to the LTM

46
Q

2 explain limitation of the MSM

A

msm says what matters: amount of rehersal you do - the more you rehearse the more likely it will pass into LTM (prolonged rehersal)

But Craik and Watkins found type of rehersal >amount

Elaborative Rehersal needed for LTM storage meaning info can be passed into LTM w/o prolonged rehersal

therefore suggesting MSM doesn’t fully explain how LT storage is achieved

47
Q

What is Elaborative Rehersal

A

linking info to your existing knowledge or you think about what it means

48
Q

Last Limitation

A

MSM is oversimplified

49
Q

Explain why MSM oversimplified

A

a&s based MSM on research evidence available at the time that showed LTM/S to be distinct memory stores

however much research shows they are not single memory stores

e.g one LTM store for memeories about facts , how to ride a bike

added w research from showing theres more than one type of STM and more than one type of rehersal

the msm oversimplified

Psychology A-level (87 decks)

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