MEMORY: Multi Store Model of Memory

Question 1

Multi Store Model describes how ?

Answer 1

How information flows through the memory syste

Question 2

The Multi Store Model suggests memory is what

Answer 2

made up of three stores linked by processing

Question 3

What passes into the sensory register

Answer 3

all stimuli from the environment

Question 4

the sensory register made of what

Answer 4

several registers (sensory memeory stores)

Question 5

in the sensory register it has several registers what are each of them for

Answer 5

one for each of our five senses

Question 6

Coding in each store is

Answer 6

modality specific

Question 7

What does modality specific mean

Answer 7

depends on the sense

Question 8

What is the store coding for visual information

Answer 8

iconic memory

Question 9

What is the store coding acoustically

Answer 9

echoic memory

Question 10

describe teh dsuration of material in the SR

Answer 10

very brief

Question 11

How long (be specific) is the duration of material in the SENSORY REGISTER

Answer 11

Less than half a second

Question 12

Describe the capacity of the SR

Answer 12

high

Question 13

Give an example of the high capacity in the SR

Answer 13

100 million cells + in one eye,each storing data

Question 14

infomation only passes further through memory system if

Answer 14

pay attention to it ( a key process)

Question 15

How is info in STM coded

Answer 15

acoustically

Question 16

How long does info in stm last for , unless

Answer 16

18 seconds

unless use rehersal

Question 17

As info in STM lasts for 18 seconds STM is considered more of a

Answer 17

temporary store

Question 18

True or false STM is a limited capacity store

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

Why is STM a limtied capacity store

Answer 19

can only contain a certain # of things before forgetting occurs

Question 20

describe the range for the capacity of STM

Answer 20

5-9 (7+-2)

Question 21

but cowan believes the range of the STM is

Answer 21

5 rather than 9 (4+-1)

Question 22

Define Maintenance rehersal

Answer 22

repeating material over and over again

Question 23

we can keep material in the STM as longs as

Answer 23

we rehearse it

Question 24

How does info pass into the LTM (KEY!!!)

Answer 24

rehearse it long enough

Question 25

Define LTM

Answer 25

Potentially permanent memory store for info rehearsed for a prolonged period of time

Question 26

LTM coded mostly

Answer 26

semantically

Question 27

Duration of LTM

Answer 27

May be up to a lifetime

Question 28

Why do Psychologists think duration of LTM up to a lofetime

Answer 28

Bahrick et al study showed ppt remebered names and faces of classmates almost 50 years of graduating

Question 29

capacity of LTM

Answer 29

Unlimited

Question 30

according to the MSM when we want to recall info from LTM

Answer 30

Has to be transferred to back into STM via retrieval

Question 31

Describe case of HM

Answer 31

Brain Surgery for Epilepsy but prodcedure in infancy so removed hippocampus from both sides of the brain this was central to memory function

Question 32

When HM memory asseseed in 1955 what year did he think it was

Answer 32

53

Question 33

How old did HM think he was

Answer 33

27 when he was 31

Question 34

T/F HM had little recall of the operation

Answer 34

T

Question 35

What type of Memory could HM no longer form

Answer 35

LTM

Question 36

How do we know he couldnt form LTM

Answer 36

Kep rereading the same magazine without rembering it

Question 37

Also HM couldnt recall

Answer 37

what he had eaten earlier the same day

Question 38

However despite all the forgetting HM did well on...

Answer 38

tests of immediate memory span: a measure of the STM

Question 39

How does HM support the MSM

Answer 39

shows L/STM two distinct stores

Question 40

Strength of the MSM - RESEARCH SUPPORT

Answer 40

studies support the LTM and STM being 2 distinct stores

Question 41

Explain Strength of the MSM - RESEARCH SUPPORT

Answer 41

Baddeley found less accurtae recall with acousticlaly simlar for STM and less accuarte recall for semantically simlar with STM as well as HM not being able to recall the year /age(LTM) but able to do well in immediate memmory span tests (stm) these both indicate the S/LTM stores are independent and seperate as claimed by the MSM therefore improving teh validity of ti

Question 42

What is counterpoint of Strength of the MSM - RESEARCH SUPPORT

Answer 42

We form memories related to useful things in real everyday life (names, places, faces) however studies supporting MSM used artificial meanigless stimuli such as digits, letters and consonoant syllables that have no personal meaning so msm may not be valid model of how memory works in our everyday lives where we gotta rember more meanigful info

Question 43

1 . What is a limtitation of the MSM

Answer 43

there's evidence for more than one STM store

Question 44

1. Explain limtiation of MSM (evidence for more than one STM store)

Answer 44

Shallice and Warringotn studied KF - had amnesia his STM for digits poor when read out loud to him but better when he read them to himself further studies of KF + others indicated there could be another STM store for non verbal sounds (e.g noises) therefore evidence suggests MSM wrong in claiming just one STM store processing different types of info (visual,auditory)

Question 45

2 what is a limitation of the MSM

Answer 45

Prolonged rehersal isn't needed for transfer to the LTM

Question 46

2 explain limitation of the MSM

Answer 46

msm says what matters: amount of rehersal you do - the more you rehearse the more likely it will pass into LTM (prolonged rehersal) But Craik and Watkins found type of rehersal >amount Elaborative Rehersal needed for LTM storage meaning info can be passed into LTM w/o prolonged rehersal therefore suggesting MSM doesn't fully explain how LT storage is achieved

Question 47

What is Elaborative Rehersal

Answer 47

linking info to your existing knowledge or you think about what it means

Question 48

Last Limitation

Answer 48

MSM is oversimplified

Question 49

Explain why MSM oversimplified

Answer 49

a&s based MSM on research evidence available at the time that showed LTM/S to be distinct memory stores however much research shows they are not single memory stores e.g one LTM store for memeories about facts , how to ride a bike added w research from showing theres more than one type of STM and more than one type of rehersal the msm oversimplified