Research Methods : Types Of Experiments

Question 1

State the 4 types

Answer 1

lab
field
natural
quasi

Question 2

what is a lab experiment

Answer 2

conducted in highly contorlled environment

Question 3

what is key point about lab experimetns

Answer 3

not always lab just areas wehre conditions can be well contorlled

Question 4

Strength 1 of Lab Experiments (HIGH IV)

Answer 4

high control over C/EV

ensure effect on DV due to changing IV

more certain showing Cause and Effect (high IV)

Question 5

Strength 2 of lab exp (REPLICAITION)

Answer 5

replication more possible here

due to high level of control

ensures new EV not introduced when repeating exp

Question 6

Why is replication vital in lab exp

Answer 6

check results of study

see whether finding valid & not just one off

Question 7

Limitation of Lab Experiment (LOW GENERALISABILITY)

Answer 7

lack generalisability

lab enviro artificial and unlike everyday life

in unfamiliar context pt behaviour unusual

so behaviour can’t be generalised beyond research setting

so low EV

Question 8

Limitation 2 of Lab exp (pt know)

Answer 8

pt know being tested in lab exp (but may not know why)

encourage demand characterstics

results less valid/ cant be sure effect of DV due to manipulating IV

Question 9

Limitation 3 (mundane realism )

Answer 9

task asked to carry out in lab exp

not rep evday experince

showing loW mundane realsim

Question 10

Field Experiment

Answer 10

IV manipulated
in
natural more everyday setting ( in field)

Question 11

where does researcher go in field experiemnts

Answer 11

pt usual environment than in a lab

exp pt going to researchers lab

Question 12

Strenght of Field Experiments (mundane realism)

Answer 12

higher than LE
as enviro more natural

so FE produce behaviour more valid and authentic

especially as pt may not be aware being studied which indicates a high EV

Question 13

Limitation of Field Experimetns (C/EV)

Answer 13

Loss of control of C/EV

cause and effect between IV and DV harder to establish

precise replication impossible

Question 14

Limitaiotn 2 of Field Experiments (ethics)

Answer 14

ethival issues

pt unaware being studied so cannot consent

research might mean invasion of privacy

Question 15

What is a natural experiment

Answer 15

researcher measures effect of IV on DV

but

no control over IV and cannot change it

Question 16

how does an IV vary in a natural excperiment

Answer 16

someone or something else causes it to vary

Question 17

give example of an IV that can;t be changed

Answer 17

whether child in hospoital at age 5 or 10

Question 18

the IV can be natural but necessarily the * so pt can be *

Answer 18

setting

so pt can be tested ina lab

Question 19

in a natural experiment whats important about the DV

Answer 19

Can be naturally occuring e.g (Exam results)
or
devised by experimenter then measured in a field/lab

Question 20

strength 1 of natural experiment (opportunitites for research)

Answer 20

provide opp for research that wouldn’t be done for practical or ethical reasons e.g romanian orphan studies

Question 21

strenth 2 of natural experimetn (EV

Answer 21

high Ev

involve study of real world issues and problems as they happen e.g effects of volcaono of stress levels

Question 22

Limitation of E (RARE)

Answer 22

Naturally occuring event happen rarely

reduces opp for research

limit scope for generalising findings to other similar situations

Question 23

Limitation fo FE (random allocation)

Answer 23

pt amy not be RA to experimental conditions in IGM

less sure whether IV affected DV

Question 24

Limitation of FE (lab)

Answer 24

research may be conducted in lab
therefore lacks realism
demand characteristics may be an issue

Question 25

give example of limitation of FE of pt not being randomly allocated in IGD

Answer 25

ROMANIAN O

IV - adopted early/late

adopted late - less sociable

less appealing for prospective patents

Question 26

Quasi Experiment

Answer 26

IV based on exisiting diffrerence between epople e.g age

Question 27

unlike in a natural experiment in a quasi the iv

Answer 27

not manipulated by anything simply justs exosts , unlike NE IV can’tbe changed

Question 28

like in a NE in a QE the DV can be

Answer 28

naturally occuring /devised by exp and measured in a field lab

Question 29

+ve of quasi experiment (conditions)

Answer 29

controlled conditions

so share strengths of lab experiment like replication

Question 30

-ve QE (allocation)

Answer 30

like NE can’t randomly allocate pt to conditions therefore may be confounding variables

Question 31

-ve QE (IV)

Answer 31

both QE and NE

IV not delibaretly changed

so cannot claim IV caused any observed change