MEMORY: FATAOET : Anxiety

Question 1

What effects does anxiety have

Answer 1

strong emotional and physical effects

Question 2

research supports the possibilities anxiety effects can make the recall ..

Answer 2

better or worse

Question 3

what does anxiety create in the body

Answer 3

physiological arousal

Question 4

anxirty creating physiological effects in the body prevents us

Answer 4

paying attention to important cues

so recall is worse

Question 5

what is one approach to studying anxiety and EWT

Answer 5

look at the effects of a weapon which creates anxiety (e.g knife)

Question 6

what is the theory about looking at the effect of a weapon that creates anxiety

Answer 6

leads to focus on the weapon

reduces witnesses recall for other details of the event

Question 7

What did Johnson and Williams particpants believe

Answer 7

they were taking part in a lab study

Question 8

Where Johnson and Williams doing an experiment for or against anxiety improving recall

Answer 8

against

Question 9

what were the two conditions for Johnson and Williams particpants

Answer 9

low anxiety

high anxiety

Question 10

described what happened in J and W low anxiety condiiton

Answer 10

they heard a casual conversation in the next room and saw a man walk past them

carrying a pen with grease on his hands

Question 11

described what happened in J and W HIGH anxiety condiiton

Answer 11

overheard a heated argument with the sound of breaking glass

then a man walked out of the room holding a knife covered in blood

Question 12

In the finding s for J and W what did the participants fo

Answer 12

Pick out the man they saw from a selection of 50 photos

Question 13

For the low anxiety group of the man holding the pen how many of them recalled the correct man

Answer 13

49%

Question 14

in the high anxiety group who saw a man holding a knife how many of them recalled the correct amn

Answer 14

33%

Question 15

What does the tunnel theory of memory argue

Answer 15

people have enhanced memory for central events

therefore weapon focus due to anxiety can have this effect

Question 16

witnessing a stressful event creates

Answer 16

anxiety

Question 17

how does witnessing a stressful event create anxiety

Answer 17

through physiological arousal within the body

Question 18

when the flight or fight response is activated it increases

Answer 18

alertness

Question 19

flight or flight increases alterness so this improves

Answer 19

memory

Question 20

flight or flight increases altertness so it improves memory , but how

Answer 20

we become more aware of cues in the situation

Question 21

who conducted a study of an actual shooting in a gun shop

Answer 21

Yuille and Cutshall

Question 22

What did the shop owner do in Y and C study

Answer 22

shoot the thief dead

Question 23

How many witnesses in YC take part

Answer 23

13/21 witnesses

Question 24

when were the 13/21 witnesses that took part interviewed

Answer 24

4-5 months after the incident

Question 25

in the Y&C study the 13 witnesses were interviewewd what were these compared to

Answer 25

original police interviews at the time shooting

Question 26

How was accuarcy determined in the Y&C study

Answer 26

number of details reported in each account

Question 27

In the Y&C study as well as being interviewed/in the interview what two things were witnesess asked to do

Answer 27

rate how stresed they felt ona 7 point scale

whether they had emotional problems since incident
e.g sleeplessness

Question 28

What were the findings for the Y&C study

Answer 28

witnesses very accurate in their accounts

little change in amount recalled/accuracy in 5 months

Question 29

Y&C study - although there was little change in amount recalled/accuracy ….

Answer 29

some details were less accurate
e.g colour of items
age/height/weight estimates

Question 30

in the Y&C study which group was most accurate

Answer 30

particpant who reported the highest levels of stress

Question 31

what was the accuracy for teh Y&C study of the high stress group compared to less stress

Answer 31

88% compared to

75% with the less stressed group

Question 32

Overall what does the Y&C study suggest

Answer 32

anxiety doesn’t have a detrimental effect on the accuracy of EWT in real world context

but rather may enhance it

Question 33

What did Yerkes and Dodson say about the inverted U shape

Answer 33

relationship between emotional arousal and perfomance looks like an inverted U

Question 34

What did Deffenbacher review

Answer 34

21 studies of EWT

Question 35

What did Deffenbacher note after reviewing 21 studies of EWT

Answer 35

he noted contradictory findings of effects of anxiety

Question 36

What did Deffenbaxher use to explain the contradictorary findings

Answer 36

Yerkes Dodson Law

Question 37

What is the Yerkes Dodson Law

Answer 37

inverted U theory states

performance increases with stress but only to a certain point where it decreases drastically

Question 38

1. Yerkes Dodson Law in depth. When we experience a crime/accident we become

Answer 38

emotionally and physiologically aroused

Question 39

2.Yerkes Dodson Law in depth. What do we experience referring to emotionally and phsyiologically aroused

Answer 39

anxiety (emotional)

as well as phsyiological changes (flight or flight response)

Question 40

3Yerkes Dodson Law in depth. Lower levels of anxiety/arousal produce

Answer 40

lower levels of recall accuracy

Question 41

4Yerkes Dodson Law in depth. Memory becomes more accurate as

Answer 41

the level of anxiety/arousal increases

Question 42

However there is an optimal level of anxiety which is

Answer 42

point of maximum accuracy

if EW experiences anymore arousal their recall suffers drastic decline

Question 43

evaluation for FATAOEWT anxiety

Answer 43

limitation - johsnon and scott study may not have tested anxiety

strenght - evidence supports view anxiety has negative effects on accuarcy of recall

strength - evidence shows anixty can have positive effects on acccuracy of recall - christianson hubinette

cp - C and H interviewed pt several months after the event

Question 44

Explain limitayion why study by Johson and Scott may not have tested anxiety

study by Johson and Scott may not have x anxiety

reason pt focused on weapon cause they was x @ what they saw rather than x

x conducted experiemtn usinf x x , x and x
or a x chicken as hand held items in a x salon video

scissors were high x low x

EW accuracy x in xand x (high x conditions)

this suggests weapon focus effect due to x rather than x/x therefore tells us nothing x about the effects of x on EWT

Answer 44

study by Johson and Scott may not have tested anxiety

reason pt focused on weapon cause they was suprised @ what they saw rather than scared

Pickel conducted experiemtn usinf hand gun , scissors and wallet or a raw chicken as hand held items in a hairdressing salon video

scissors were high anxiety low usualness

EW accuracy poorer in chicken and handgun (high unsusualness conditions)

this suggests weapon focus effect due to unusualness rather than anxiety/threat therefore tells us nothing specifically about the effects of anixety on EWT

Question 45

explain strength 1 - evidence supporting view anxiety has a negative effect on recall

x supporting view that x has a x effect of recall

x and Mesout used x measure of xx to divide the pt into x and low anxiety groups

anxiety clearly x pt ability to recall details about x in London Dungeon’s x

therefore suggests high level of anxiety does have a x effect on immediate xx recall of a x event

Answer 45

evidence supporting view that anxiety has a negative effect of recall

Valentine and Mesout used obj measure of HR to divide the pt into high and low anxiety groups

anxiety clearly disrupted pt ability to recall details about actor in London Dungeo Labry

therefore suggests high level of anxiety does have a negative effect on immediate EW recall of a stressful event

Question 46

Explain - anxiety can have +ve effects on EW recall accuracy

x and x interviewed x wintesses to bank x

those involved x/directly - x and xworkers

recall x%+ accurate across all x w direct x being most acucrate

findings x as confirm anxiety does not x accuracy of recall for EW and may even x it

Answer 46

hubinette and christianson interviewed 58 wintesses to bank robbery

those involved in/directly - bystanders and bankworkers

recall 75%+ accurate across all witnesses w direct w being most acucrate

findings miportant as confirm anxiety does not reduce accuracy of recall for EW and may even enhance it

Question 47

Explain CP to anxiety can have +ve effects on EW recall accuracy

researchers interviewed pt x months after event

therefore had no x over what happened to their pt in the x time e.g xxx

effects of anxiety may have been x by theses other factors

and its x to assess by the time pt were interviewed

therefore possible that the lack of x over x variables

may be x for these findings, x their support

Answer 47

researchers interviewed pt several months after event

therefore had no control over what happened to their pt in the intervening time e.g PED

effects of anxiety may have been overwhelmed by theses other factors

and impossible to assess by the time pt were interviewed

therefore possible that the lack of control over confounding variables

may be responsible for these findings, invalidating their support