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Psychodynamic Approach Flashcards

1
Q

Descrive the psychodynamic Approach

A

oldest
most influential
found to be controversial by modern society

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2
Q

who put forward the approach

A

Sigmund Freud

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3
Q

ASSUMPTIONS - what is the psychodynamic Approach

A

describes various forces , mostly unconscious, that operate on the mind and direct huamn behaviour and experience

  • ALL WE SAY AND DO HAS A CAUSE (PSYCHICH DETERMINISM)
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4
Q

ASSUMPTION - * influences *

A

unconcious mind influences behvaiour

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5
Q

ASSUMPTION - what is said about personality (in terms of structure)

A

has a discernable structure (ID,EGO,SUPEREGO)

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6
Q

ASSUMPTION - how is personality constructed

A

constructed by passage through psychosexual stages of development thorugh infancy and adolescence

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7
Q

ASSUMPTION - what is said about UNCONSCIOUS conflicts

A

unconscious conflicts in psyche mediated by defence mechanisms

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8
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - how many parts are there to the iceberg and what are they

A

3
conscious
preconcious
unconscious

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9
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - where is the conscious mind

A

ONLY the tip of the iceberg

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10
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - According to the psychodynamic approach what are vasts part of the mind

2 POINTS ISH

A

vast parts of the mind are inaccessible to conscious awareness

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11
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - what is the majority of the mind made up of

A

the unconscious

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12
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - define unconcious

vast x of biological x and x
all of which have significant x on our x x and x

A

vast storehouse of biological drives and instincts ,

all of which have significant influence

on our thoughts , behaviour and personality

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13
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - what does the unconscious contain and where are these things kept

3 Points

A

trauma events/ memories from childhood

repressed into unconscious mind

& kept hidden there away from conscious awareness

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14
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - are trauma events / memories from childhood forgotten AND WHERE ARE THEY EXPLORED

A

not truly forgotten about

as explored through psychoanalysis , fantasies and Freudian Slips

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15
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - Where is the preconscious mind

A

sits between conscious and unconcious mind

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16
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - What does the preconcious contain

A

thoughts and memeories not currently in conscious awareness but we can access them if we desire to do so

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17
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - What is personality described as

A

Tripartite

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18
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - State the three parts of personality

A

Id, Ego , Superego

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19
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY -when do the three parts of personaloty develop+ whats they responsible for

A

all develop @ diff times +responsible for different things

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20
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - What is the ID

A

primative part of our personality that develops from birth

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21
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - Explain more about the ID

what does it operate on
what dose it demand
what types of drives , instincr and urges does it have

A
  • Operates on pleasure principle
  • demands instant gratification of needs , wants what it wants when it wants
  • has unconscious biological drives and instincts and urges
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22
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - how to remember ID

A

I for ID - i,i,i me,me,me

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23
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - what is the Ego

A

part of personlaity that tames the ID by striving to satisfy desires in a realistic and socially appropriate way

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24
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - what age does Ego develop around

A

around age of 2

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25
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - explain the ego what does it operate on what does it act as between id and superego what does it reduces btwn x of 2 parts of personality and how
-Operates on the Reality Principle -Mediator btwn other 2 parts of personality -reduces conflict btwn demands of ID and superego by employing defence mechanism
26
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - what is the Superego hint: internalised
POP that's our internalised sense of right and wrong
27
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - when is the Superego formed
end of phallic stage around 5
28
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - explain the superego what standards does it represent how does it punish the ego and reward it what is it direct opposite to
-reps moral standards of same sex parent -punishes ego through guilt rewards through pride when does something right -direct opp to Id
29
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - explain the superego in terms of Idealism v Realism what does it try to do to our behaviour what does it work hard to do it tries best to make ego act upon what kind of standards rather than what did freud suggest about SE and ID
tries to perfect &civilise our behaviour works hard to supress all unacceptable urges of the ID tries best to make ego act upon some idealistic standard rather than realistic principles freud suggests ID and SE in constant conglict w each other
30
DEFENCE MECHANISMS - define it
mechanism used by ego to cope w conflicting demands of ID and SE
31
DEFENCE MECHANISMS - what happens if defence mechanisms overused/ used in long term THEYRE REGARDED AS X X if used u lt if overused leads to xx
regarded as psychologically unhealthy if used in longterm if overused lead to mental abnormalities
32
DEFENCE MECHANISMS - how are defence mechanisms used in the iceberg theyre x to stop x becoming x by x x & x of xx
theyre unconscious to stop ego becoming overwhelmed by threats trauma demands of ID/SE
33
DEFENCE MECHANISMS - how and why does ego /DMwork ego x x so individual can x with every day life without xx and x dominating their x x x
Ego distorts reality so individual can continue with everyday life w/o unpleasant feelings and memories dominating inner conscious awareness
34
DEFENCE MECHANISMS - What are the defence mechanisms
Denial Repression Displacement
35
DEFENCE MECHANISMS - What's denial 2 points completley rejecting x/x completley refusing to x some x of x
completley rejecting thought/feeling & completely refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality
36
DEFENCE MECHANISMS - What's repression# forcing xx out of x mind and x to x with it
forcing adistressing memory out of conscious mind and refusing to deal with it
37
DEFENCE MECHANISMS - What is Displacement
transferring feelings from true sources of distressing emotion to substitute target
38
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - According to Freud how does personality develop
through progression of the five stages of psychosexual development
39
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - According to Freud what must kids do to be psychologically healthy and well adjusted in adult life
kids must pass through the 5 to be PSYCHOLOGICALLY HEALTHY and well adjusted in adult life
40
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Explain what psychosexual stages are/what happens in them/ consequences
during each stage child fixates & gains pleasure from a specific part of the body Each stage also associated with a particular conflict which if not resolved can result in an adult fixation
41
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Wehat is an erogenous zone part of body x to x a source of x or xx or pleasure
part of the body sensitive to stimulation a source of erotic or sexual feeling or pleasure
42
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ORAL STAGE - how old is the child
0-1 years
43
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ORAL STAGE - what is the main focus of pleasure /erogenous zone what does kid enjoy in this area what is the object of desire
mouth - enjoys tasting , sucking - mother's breasts
44
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ORAL STAGE - what is succesful completion of this stage demonstrated by
weaning
45
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ORAL STAGE - what is the consequence of usuccesful completion/unresolved conflict
oral fixation result in smoking, biting nails , sarcastic , critical
46
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ANAL STAGE - how old is the child
1-3 years
47
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ANAL STAGE - what is the main focus of pleasure /erogenous zone what does kid enjoy in this area/gains pleasure from
anus defecation - withholding and expelling faeces (as everything else is controlled in your life but you finally have control over something ( ya bowels) )
48
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ANAL STAGE - what is succesful completion marked by
potty training
49
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ANAL STAGE - What is a consequence of unresolved conflict
anally retentive - perfectionist, obsessive (if parents were harsh and military style) anally expulsive(left you to w/o by ys) - thoughtless , messy
50
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - PHALLIC STAGE - How old is the child
3-5 years
51
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - PHALLIC STAGE - what is the main focus of pleasure /erogenous zone what does kid enjoy in this area
genital area genital area is the form of pleasure
52
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - PHALLIC STAGE - What is the majore conflict for boys and how is this resolved/succesful completion
OEDIPUS COMPLEX boy wants mother as his 'primary love object' and wants father out of way sexual desire for mum results in castration anxiety for young boys as result start to identify with father , they internalise gender roles and father's (same sex) values and morals which then ultimatley leads to development of the superego
53
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - PHALLIC STAGE - What is the majore conflict for girls and how is this resolved/succesful completion what do girls experience , what do they desire as what how do they feel towards their mother its resolved by this ultimatley leads to the development of the
ELECTRA COMPLEX girls experience penis envy ; they desire their father as penis is the primary love object and hate their mother resolved when girl identifies with their mother and internalises gender roles and morals and values of the mother which then ultimatley leads to the development of the superego
54
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - PHALLIC STAGE - What is a consequence of unresolved conflict
they develop a phallic personality narcisstic , reckless and possibly gay
55
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - how old are they
6 - puberty ? so adolescence
56
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - what happens to ealier conflicts
earlier conflicts are repressed
57
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - What happens to sexual urges
sexual urges subliminated into sports and other hobbies
58
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - What is the focus in this stage
focus on developing same sex friendships
59
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - What are the requirement for succesful completion
no particular requirements for succesful completion
60
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - what is a special phrase for this stage
Lull before the storm of puberty
61
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - GENTIAL STAGE - What (St)age is the kid
puberty into adulthood
62
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - GENTIAL STAGE - What is the focus
genitals but not to same extent as phallic stage
63
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - GENTIAL STAGE - What is the task of this stage
develop healthy adult relationships
64
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - GENTIAL STAGE - developing health adult relationships should happen if
earlier stages negotiated succesfully
65
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - GENTIAL STAGE - what is the consequence of unresolved conflict here
difficulty forming opposite sex relationships
66
EVALUATION - Counter argument - Practical Application
introduced idea of PSYCHOTHERAPHY Freud brought new form of theraphy - psychoanalysis this was one of the first attempts to treat psychological disorders psychologically rather than physically - which was how it had been attempted to be treated up till that point This was forerunner to many modern day talking therapies e.g counselling, that have since been established still used today and sought out by people who want psychoanalysis SHOWS VALUE OF PSYAP IN CREATING NEW APPRACH TO TREATMENT AND HOW IT BENEFITS PEOPLE'S MENTAL HEALTH AND SANITY
67
EVALUATION - Counter argument - Limitation - PRACTICAL APPLICATION doesnt apply to all mental disorders only those of mild conditions
whilst freudian therapists claimed success for many clinets with mild neurosis psycho analysis regarded , innapropriate, even harmful for people experiencing more serious mental disorders e.g symptoms of schizoprenia are paranoia and delusional thinking so those w disorder have lost grip on reality so can't articulate thoughts in a way required by psychoanalysis SUGGESTING FREUDIAN THERAPY & THEORY , may not apply to all mental disorders but only of those that have a mild condition
68
EVALUATION - STRENGTH - EXPLANATORY POWER
a strength is its ability to explain human behaviour although occasionally controversial and bizzare , nevertheless had huge influence on psychology & western contemporary thought was key force in psychology alongside behaviourism for the first half of the 20th century & has been used to explain a wide range of phenomena (personality development / abnormal disorder ) draws attention to connection btwn experiences in childhood e.g relationships to our parents & our later development which was something @ the time theories had never done before , so that was really important for the approach SUGGESTS OVERALL the approach had a positive impact on psychology also ,literature , art &other human endeavours
69
EVALUATION - LIMITATION - FALSIFIABILITY
Many of core concepts very abstract and untestable popper (philosopher of science) argued approach not open to scientific criterion of falsifiability this big as all scientific theories and disciplines must be open to possibility of being disproved & have to be able to be empirically tested not possible with approach as concepts such as structure of personality and Oedipus and Electra complex occur at an unconscious level making them difficult if not impossible to test furthermore FR ideas based on subject case study of single unique individuals rather than a large scale sample such as Little Hans which makes it difficult to make universal claims about HB SO ACCORDING TO POPPER THIS MAKES PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY GAIN THE STATUS OF A PSEUDOSCIENCE ratherr than a real science

Psychology A-level (87 decks)

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