Psychodynamic Approach Flashcards
Descrive the psychodynamic Approach
oldest
most influential
found to be controversial by modern society
who put forward the approach
Sigmund Freud
ASSUMPTIONS - what is the psychodynamic Approach
describes various forces , mostly unconscious, that operate on the mind and direct huamn behaviour and experience
- ALL WE SAY AND DO HAS A CAUSE (PSYCHICH DETERMINISM)
ASSUMPTION - * influences *
unconcious mind influences behvaiour
ASSUMPTION - what is said about personality (in terms of structure)
has a discernable structure (ID,EGO,SUPEREGO)
ASSUMPTION - how is personality constructed
constructed by passage through psychosexual stages of development thorugh infancy and adolescence
ASSUMPTION - what is said about UNCONSCIOUS conflicts
unconscious conflicts in psyche mediated by defence mechanisms
ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - how many parts are there to the iceberg and what are they
3
conscious
preconcious
unconscious
ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - where is the conscious mind
ONLY the tip of the iceberg
ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - According to the psychodynamic approach what are vasts part of the mind
2 POINTS ISH
vast parts of the mind are inaccessible to conscious awareness
ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - what is the majority of the mind made up of
the unconscious
ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - define unconcious
vast x of biological x and x
all of which have significant x on our x x and x
vast storehouse of biological drives and instincts ,
all of which have significant influence
on our thoughts , behaviour and personality
ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - what does the unconscious contain and where are these things kept
3 Points
trauma events/ memories from childhood
repressed into unconscious mind
& kept hidden there away from conscious awareness
ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - are trauma events / memories from childhood forgotten AND WHERE ARE THEY EXPLORED
not truly forgotten about
as explored through psychoanalysis , fantasies and Freudian Slips
ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - Where is the preconscious mind
sits between conscious and unconcious mind
ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - What does the preconcious contain
thoughts and memeories not currently in conscious awareness but we can access them if we desire to do so
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - What is personality described as
Tripartite
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - State the three parts of personality
Id, Ego , Superego
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY -when do the three parts of personaloty develop+ whats they responsible for
all develop @ diff times +responsible for different things
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - What is the ID
primative part of our personality that develops from birth
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - Explain more about the ID
what does it operate on
what dose it demand
what types of drives , instincr and urges does it have
- Operates on pleasure principle
- demands instant gratification of needs , wants what it wants when it wants
- has unconscious biological drives and instincts and urges
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - how to remember ID
I for ID - i,i,i me,me,me
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - what is the Ego
part of personlaity that tames the ID by striving to satisfy desires in a realistic and socially appropriate way
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - what age does Ego develop around
around age of 2
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - explain the ego
what does it operate on
what does it act as between id and superego
what does it reduces btwn x of 2 parts of personality and how
-Operates on the Reality Principle
-Mediator btwn other 2 parts of personality
-reduces conflict btwn demands of ID and superego by employing defence mechanism
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - what is the Superego
hint: internalised
POP that’s our internalised sense of right and wrong
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - when is the Superego formed
end of phallic stage around 5
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - explain the superego
what standards does it represent
how does it punish the ego and reward it
what is it direct opposite to
-reps moral standards of same sex parent
-punishes ego through guilt
rewards through pride when does something right
-direct opp to Id
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - explain the superego in terms of Idealism v Realism
what does it try to do to our behaviour
what does it work hard to do
it tries best to make ego act upon what kind of standards rather than
what did freud suggest about SE and ID
tries to perfect &civilise our behaviour
works hard to supress all unacceptable urges of the ID
tries best to make ego act upon some idealistic standard rather than realistic principles
freud suggests ID and SE in constant conglict w each other
DEFENCE MECHANISMS - define it
mechanism used by ego to cope w conflicting demands of ID and SE
DEFENCE MECHANISMS - what happens if defence mechanisms overused/ used in long term
THEYRE REGARDED AS X X if used u lt
if overused leads to xx
regarded as psychologically unhealthy if used in longterm
if overused lead to mental abnormalities
DEFENCE MECHANISMS - how are defence mechanisms used in the iceberg
theyre x to stop x becoming x by x x & x of xx
theyre unconscious to stop ego becoming overwhelmed by
threats
trauma
demands of ID/SE
DEFENCE MECHANISMS - how and why does ego /DMwork
ego x x so individual can x with every day life without xx and x dominating their x x x
Ego distorts reality so individual can continue with everyday life w/o unpleasant feelings and memories dominating inner conscious awareness
DEFENCE MECHANISMS - What are the defence mechanisms
Denial
Repression
Displacement
DEFENCE MECHANISMS - What’s denial
2 points
completley rejecting x/x
completley refusing to x some x of x
completley rejecting thought/feeling
&
completely refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality
DEFENCE MECHANISMS - What’s repression#
forcing xx out of x mind and x to x with it
forcing adistressing memory out of conscious mind and refusing to deal with it
DEFENCE MECHANISMS - What is Displacement
transferring feelings
from true sources of distressing emotion
to substitute target
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - According to Freud how does personality develop
through progression of the five stages of psychosexual development
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - According to Freud what must kids do to be psychologically healthy and well adjusted in adult life
kids must pass through the 5 to be PSYCHOLOGICALLY HEALTHY
and
well adjusted in adult life
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Explain what psychosexual stages are/what happens in them/ consequences
during each stage child fixates & gains pleasure from a specific part of the body
Each stage also associated with a particular conflict
which if not resolved can result in an adult fixation
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Wehat is an erogenous zone
part of body x to x
a source of x or xx or pleasure
part of the body sensitive to stimulation
a source of
erotic or sexual feeling or pleasure
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ORAL STAGE - how old is the child
0-1 years
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ORAL STAGE -
what is the main focus of pleasure /erogenous zone
what does kid enjoy in this area
what is the object of desire
mouth
- enjoys tasting , sucking
- mother’s breasts
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ORAL STAGE - what is succesful completion of this stage demonstrated by
weaning
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ORAL STAGE - what is the consequence of usuccesful completion/unresolved conflict
oral fixation
result in smoking, biting nails , sarcastic , critical
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ANAL STAGE - how old is the child
1-3 years
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ANAL STAGE -
what is the main focus of pleasure /erogenous zone
what does kid enjoy in this area/gains pleasure from
anus
defecation - withholding and expelling faeces (as everything else is controlled in your life but you finally have control over something ( ya bowels) )
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ANAL STAGE - what is succesful completion marked by
potty training
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ANAL STAGE - What is a consequence of unresolved conflict
anally retentive - perfectionist, obsessive (if parents were harsh and military style)
anally expulsive(left you to w/o by ys) - thoughtless , messy
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - PHALLIC STAGE - How old is the child
3-5 years
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - PHALLIC STAGE -
what is the main focus of pleasure /erogenous zone
what does kid enjoy in this area
genital area
genital area is the form of pleasure
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - PHALLIC STAGE - What is the majore conflict for boys and how is this resolved/succesful completion
OEDIPUS COMPLEX
boy wants mother as his ‘primary love object’ and wants father out of way
sexual desire for mum results in castration anxiety for young boys
as result
start to identify with father , they internalise gender roles and father’s (same sex) values and morals
which then ultimatley leads to development of the superego
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - PHALLIC STAGE - What is the majore conflict for girls and how is this resolved/succesful completion
what do girls experience , what do they desire as what
how do they feel towards their mother
its resolved by
this ultimatley leads to the development of the
ELECTRA COMPLEX
girls experience penis envy ; they desire their father as penis is the primary love object and hate their mother
resolved when girl identifies with their mother and internalises gender roles and morals and values of the mother
which then ultimatley leads to the development of the superego
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - PHALLIC STAGE - What is a consequence of unresolved conflict
they develop a phallic personality
narcisstic , reckless and possibly gay
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - how old are they
6 - puberty
? so adolescence
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - what happens to ealier conflicts
earlier conflicts are repressed
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - What happens to sexual urges
sexual urges subliminated into sports and other hobbies
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - What is the focus in this stage
focus on developing same sex friendships
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - What are the requirement for succesful completion
no particular requirements for succesful completion
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - what is a special phrase for this stage
Lull before the storm of puberty
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - GENTIAL STAGE - What (St)age is the kid
puberty into adulthood
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - GENTIAL STAGE - What is the focus
genitals but not to same extent as phallic stage
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - GENTIAL STAGE - What is the task of this stage
develop healthy adult relationships
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - GENTIAL STAGE - developing health adult relationships should happen if
earlier stages negotiated succesfully
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - GENTIAL STAGE - what is the consequence of unresolved conflict here
difficulty forming opposite sex relationships
EVALUATION - Counter argument - Practical Application
introduced idea of PSYCHOTHERAPHY
Freud brought new form of theraphy - psychoanalysis
this was one of the first attempts to treat psychological disorders psychologically rather than physically - which was how it had been attempted to be treated up till that point
This was forerunner to many modern day talking therapies e.g counselling, that have since been established
still used today and sought out by people who want psychoanalysis
SHOWS VALUE OF PSYAP IN CREATING NEW APPRACH TO TREATMENT AND HOW IT BENEFITS PEOPLE’S MENTAL HEALTH AND SANITY
EVALUATION - Counter argument - Limitation - PRACTICAL APPLICATION doesnt apply to all mental disorders only those of mild conditions
whilst freudian therapists claimed success for many clinets with mild neurosis
psycho analysis regarded , innapropriate, even harmful for people experiencing more serious mental disorders
e.g symptoms of schizoprenia are paranoia and delusional thinking so those w disorder have lost grip on reality
so can’t articulate thoughts in a way required by psychoanalysis
SUGGESTING FREUDIAN THERAPY & THEORY , may not apply to all mental disorders but only of those that have a mild condition
EVALUATION - STRENGTH - EXPLANATORY POWER
a strength is its ability to explain human behaviour
although occasionally controversial and bizzare , nevertheless had huge influence on psychology & western contemporary thought
was key force in psychology alongside behaviourism for the first half of the 20th century & has been used to explain a wide range of phenomena (personality development / abnormal disorder )
draws attention to connection btwn experiences in childhood e.g relationships to our parents & our later development
which was something @ the time theories had never done before , so that was really important for the approach
SUGGESTS OVERALL the approach had a positive impact on psychology also ,literature , art &other human endeavours
EVALUATION - LIMITATION - FALSIFIABILITY
Many of core concepts very abstract and untestable
popper (philosopher of science) argued approach not open to scientific criterion of falsifiability
this big as all scientific theories and disciplines must be open to possibility of being disproved & have to be able to be empirically tested
not possible with approach as concepts such as structure of personality and Oedipus and Electra complex occur at an unconscious level making them difficult if not impossible to test
furthermore FR ideas based on subject case study of single unique individuals rather than a large scale sample such as Little Hans
which makes it difficult to make universal claims about HB
SO ACCORDING TO POPPER THIS MAKES PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY GAIN THE STATUS OF A PSEUDOSCIENCE ratherr than a real science
