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Psychology A-level > Psychodynamic Approach > Flashcards

Psychodynamic Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

Descrive the psychodynamic Approach

A

oldest
most influential
found to be controversial by modern society

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2
Q

who put forward the approach

A

Sigmund Freud

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3
Q

ASSUMPTIONS - what is the psychodynamic Approach

A

describes various forces , mostly unconscious, that operate on the mind and direct huamn behaviour and experience

  • ALL WE SAY AND DO HAS A CAUSE (PSYCHICH DETERMINISM)
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4
Q

ASSUMPTION - * influences *

A

unconcious mind influences behvaiour

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5
Q

ASSUMPTION - what is said about personality (in terms of structure)

A

has a discernable structure (ID,EGO,SUPEREGO)

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6
Q

ASSUMPTION - how is personality constructed

A

constructed by passage through psychosexual stages of development thorugh infancy and adolescence

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7
Q

ASSUMPTION - what is said about UNCONSCIOUS conflicts

A

unconscious conflicts in psyche mediated by defence mechanisms

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8
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - how many parts are there to the iceberg and what are they

A

3
conscious
preconcious
unconscious

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9
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - where is the conscious mind

A

ONLY the tip of the iceberg

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10
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - According to the psychodynamic approach what are vasts part of the mind

2 POINTS ISH

A

vast parts of the mind are inaccessible to conscious awareness

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11
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - what is the majority of the mind made up of

A

the unconscious

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12
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - define unconcious

vast x of biological x and x
all of which have significant x on our x x and x

A

vast storehouse of biological drives and instincts ,

all of which have significant influence

on our thoughts , behaviour and personality

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13
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - what does the unconscious contain and where are these things kept

3 Points

A

trauma events/ memories from childhood

repressed into unconscious mind

& kept hidden there away from conscious awareness

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14
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - are trauma events / memories from childhood forgotten AND WHERE ARE THEY EXPLORED

A

not truly forgotten about

as explored through psychoanalysis , fantasies and Freudian Slips

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15
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - Where is the preconscious mind

A

sits between conscious and unconcious mind

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16
Q

ROLE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS - What does the preconcious contain

A

thoughts and memeories not currently in conscious awareness but we can access them if we desire to do so

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17
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - What is personality described as

A

Tripartite

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18
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - State the three parts of personality

A

Id, Ego , Superego

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19
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY -when do the three parts of personaloty develop+ whats they responsible for

A

all develop @ diff times +responsible for different things

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20
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - What is the ID

A

primative part of our personality that develops from birth

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21
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - Explain more about the ID

what does it operate on
what dose it demand
what types of drives , instincr and urges does it have

A
  • Operates on pleasure principle
  • demands instant gratification of needs , wants what it wants when it wants
  • has unconscious biological drives and instincts and urges
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22
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - how to remember ID

A

I for ID - i,i,i me,me,me

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23
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - what is the Ego

A

part of personlaity that tames the ID by striving to satisfy desires in a realistic and socially appropriate way

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24
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - what age does Ego develop around

A

around age of 2

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25
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - explain the ego

what does it operate on

what does it act as between id and superego

what does it reduces btwn x of 2 parts of personality and how

A

-Operates on the Reality Principle
-Mediator btwn other 2 parts of personality
-reduces conflict btwn demands of ID and superego by employing defence mechanism

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26
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - what is the Superego

hint: internalised

A

POP that’s our internalised sense of right and wrong

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27
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - when is the Superego formed

A

end of phallic stage around 5

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28
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - explain the superego

what standards does it represent
how does it punish the ego and reward it
what is it direct opposite to

A

-reps moral standards of same sex parent
-punishes ego through guilt
rewards through pride when does something right
-direct opp to Id

29
Q

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY - explain the superego in terms of Idealism v Realism

what does it try to do to our behaviour
what does it work hard to do
it tries best to make ego act upon what kind of standards rather than
what did freud suggest about SE and ID

A

tries to perfect &civilise our behaviour

works hard to supress all unacceptable urges of the ID

tries best to make ego act upon some idealistic standard rather than realistic principles

freud suggests ID and SE in constant conglict w each other

30
Q

DEFENCE MECHANISMS - define it

A

mechanism used by ego to cope w conflicting demands of ID and SE

31
Q

DEFENCE MECHANISMS - what happens if defence mechanisms overused/ used in long term

THEYRE REGARDED AS X X if used u lt
if overused leads to xx

A

regarded as psychologically unhealthy if used in longterm
if overused lead to mental abnormalities

32
Q

DEFENCE MECHANISMS - how are defence mechanisms used in the iceberg

theyre x to stop x becoming x by x x & x of xx

A

theyre unconscious to stop ego becoming overwhelmed by
threats
trauma
demands of ID/SE

33
Q

DEFENCE MECHANISMS - how and why does ego /DMwork

ego x x so individual can x with every day life without xx and x dominating their x x x

A

Ego distorts reality so individual can continue with everyday life w/o unpleasant feelings and memories dominating inner conscious awareness

34
Q

DEFENCE MECHANISMS - What are the defence mechanisms

A

Denial
Repression
Displacement

35
Q

DEFENCE MECHANISMS - What’s denial

2 points
completley rejecting x/x
completley refusing to x some x of x

A

completley rejecting thought/feeling

&

completely refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality

36
Q

DEFENCE MECHANISMS - What’s repression#
forcing xx out of x mind and x to x with it

A

forcing adistressing memory out of conscious mind and refusing to deal with it

37
Q

DEFENCE MECHANISMS - What is Displacement

A

transferring feelings
from true sources of distressing emotion
to substitute target

38
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - According to Freud how does personality develop

A

through progression of the five stages of psychosexual development

39
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - According to Freud what must kids do to be psychologically healthy and well adjusted in adult life

A

kids must pass through the 5 to be PSYCHOLOGICALLY HEALTHY

and

well adjusted in adult life

40
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Explain what psychosexual stages are/what happens in them/ consequences

A

during each stage child fixates & gains pleasure from a specific part of the body

Each stage also associated with a particular conflict

which if not resolved can result in an adult fixation

41
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Wehat is an erogenous zone

part of body x to x
a source of x or xx or pleasure

A

part of the body sensitive to stimulation
a source of
erotic or sexual feeling or pleasure

42
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ORAL STAGE - how old is the child

A

0-1 years

43
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ORAL STAGE -
what is the main focus of pleasure /erogenous zone

what does kid enjoy in this area

what is the object of desire

A

mouth

  • enjoys tasting , sucking
  • mother’s breasts
44
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ORAL STAGE - what is succesful completion of this stage demonstrated by

A

weaning

45
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ORAL STAGE - what is the consequence of usuccesful completion/unresolved conflict

A

oral fixation

result in smoking, biting nails , sarcastic , critical

46
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ANAL STAGE - how old is the child

A

1-3 years

47
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ANAL STAGE -
what is the main focus of pleasure /erogenous zone

what does kid enjoy in this area/gains pleasure from

A

anus

defecation - withholding and expelling faeces (as everything else is controlled in your life but you finally have control over something ( ya bowels) )

48
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ANAL STAGE - what is succesful completion marked by

A

potty training

49
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - ANAL STAGE - What is a consequence of unresolved conflict

A

anally retentive - perfectionist, obsessive (if parents were harsh and military style)

anally expulsive(left you to w/o by ys) - thoughtless , messy

50
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - PHALLIC STAGE - How old is the child

A

3-5 years

51
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - PHALLIC STAGE -
what is the main focus of pleasure /erogenous zone

what does kid enjoy in this area

A

genital area

genital area is the form of pleasure

52
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - PHALLIC STAGE - What is the majore conflict for boys and how is this resolved/succesful completion

A

OEDIPUS COMPLEX

boy wants mother as his ‘primary love object’ and wants father out of way

sexual desire for mum results in castration anxiety for young boys

as result

start to identify with father , they internalise gender roles and father’s (same sex) values and morals

which then ultimatley leads to development of the superego

53
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - PHALLIC STAGE - What is the majore conflict for girls and how is this resolved/succesful completion

what do girls experience , what do they desire as what
how do they feel towards their mother

its resolved by

this ultimatley leads to the development of the

A

ELECTRA COMPLEX

girls experience penis envy ; they desire their father as penis is the primary love object and hate their mother

resolved when girl identifies with their mother and internalises gender roles and morals and values of the mother

which then ultimatley leads to the development of the superego

54
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - PHALLIC STAGE - What is a consequence of unresolved conflict

A

they develop a phallic personality

narcisstic , reckless and possibly gay

55
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - how old are they

A

6 - puberty

? so adolescence

56
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - what happens to ealier conflicts

A

earlier conflicts are repressed

57
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - What happens to sexual urges

A

sexual urges subliminated into sports and other hobbies

58
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - What is the focus in this stage

A

focus on developing same sex friendships

59
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - What are the requirement for succesful completion

A

no particular requirements for succesful completion

60
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - Latency Stage - what is a special phrase for this stage

A

Lull before the storm of puberty

61
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - GENTIAL STAGE - What (St)age is the kid

A

puberty into adulthood

62
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - GENTIAL STAGE - What is the focus

A

genitals but not to same extent as phallic stage

63
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - GENTIAL STAGE - What is the task of this stage

A

develop healthy adult relationships

64
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - GENTIAL STAGE - developing health adult relationships should happen if

A

earlier stages negotiated succesfully

65
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES - GENTIAL STAGE - what is the consequence of unresolved conflict here

A

difficulty forming opposite sex relationships

66
Q

EVALUATION - Counter argument - Practical Application

A

introduced idea of PSYCHOTHERAPHY

Freud brought new form of theraphy - psychoanalysis

this was one of the first attempts to treat psychological disorders psychologically rather than physically - which was how it had been attempted to be treated up till that point

This was forerunner to many modern day talking therapies e.g counselling, that have since been established

still used today and sought out by people who want psychoanalysis

SHOWS VALUE OF PSYAP IN CREATING NEW APPRACH TO TREATMENT AND HOW IT BENEFITS PEOPLE’S MENTAL HEALTH AND SANITY

67
Q

EVALUATION - Counter argument - Limitation - PRACTICAL APPLICATION doesnt apply to all mental disorders only those of mild conditions

A

whilst freudian therapists claimed success for many clinets with mild neurosis

psycho analysis regarded , innapropriate, even harmful for people experiencing more serious mental disorders

e.g symptoms of schizoprenia are paranoia and delusional thinking so those w disorder have lost grip on reality

so can’t articulate thoughts in a way required by psychoanalysis

SUGGESTING FREUDIAN THERAPY & THEORY , may not apply to all mental disorders but only of those that have a mild condition

68
Q

EVALUATION - STRENGTH - EXPLANATORY POWER

A

a strength is its ability to explain human behaviour

although occasionally controversial and bizzare , nevertheless had huge influence on psychology & western contemporary thought

was key force in psychology alongside behaviourism for the first half of the 20th century & has been used to explain a wide range of phenomena (personality development / abnormal disorder )

draws attention to connection btwn experiences in childhood e.g relationships to our parents & our later development

which was something @ the time theories had never done before , so that was really important for the approach

SUGGESTS OVERALL the approach had a positive impact on psychology also ,literature , art &other human endeavours

69
Q

EVALUATION - LIMITATION - FALSIFIABILITY

A

Many of core concepts very abstract and untestable

popper (philosopher of science) argued approach not open to scientific criterion of falsifiability

this big as all scientific theories and disciplines must be open to possibility of being disproved & have to be able to be empirically tested

not possible with approach as concepts such as structure of personality and Oedipus and Electra complex occur at an unconscious level making them difficult if not impossible to test

furthermore FR ideas based on subject case study of single unique individuals rather than a large scale sample such as Little Hans

which makes it difficult to make universal claims about HB

SO ACCORDING TO POPPER THIS MAKES PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY GAIN THE STATUS OF A PSEUDOSCIENCE ratherr than a real science

Psychology A-level (87 decks)

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