RESEARCH METHODS : ETHICS Flashcards
When do conflicts exist in psych
conflict/dilemma exosts between pt rights and researchers need to gain valuable and meaningful findings
conflict has implications for
safety and wel being of pt
pt may not want to reval true purpiose of research to partipants so they can
study more natural behaviour
is uasing psychological distress evr
jutified
what are the 4 major ethical issues that face pt and researchers in psychology
INFORMED CONSENT
DECEPTION
PROTECTION FROM HARM
PRIVCY AND CONFIDENTIALITY
INFORMED CONSENT - at bare min prospective pt shuld know
what they getting into before they gt into it
INFORMED CONSENT - what 4 things does it inovle
making pt …
making pt aware of
aims of research
procedures
their rights (+ right to withdraw partway thorugh investigation if they wish )
what data will b used for
INFORMED CONSENT - after being made aware pt should make an x
without
informed judgeemnt of whether to take part or not
without being coerced or feeling obliged
INFORMED CONSENT - fromr esearcehr POV asking for informed consent may make study meaningless and why
pt behaviour wont be natural as they know aims of study
DECEPTION -
Deliberatley misleading or witholding info from pt at any stage of investigation
DECEPTION - linked to
informed cosnent
DECEPTION - why is it linked to informed consent
pt who havent recieved adequte info when they agreed to take part (or worse have been deliberatley lied to)
cant be said to have given informed consent
DECEPTION - there are ocasions when it can be justified t/f
t
DECEPTION - give example of when deception can be justified
dont cause undue distress
in energy drink study acceptable not to tell pt theres anotehr group drinking a diff substance as ,ay affect their behaviour
PROTECTION FROM HARM - sum this up
As a result of their involvement….
as a result of their invovlemetn pt shuldnt be placeed at any more risk than they would be in theri dialy lives
and
should be protected from physial and psychological harm
PROTECTION FROM HARM - what does from psychological harm include
made to feel embarrased
inadequate
being put under undue stress or pressure
PROTECTION FROM HARM - an imp feature of this is
pt being reminded of fact they got right to withdraw from investigation at any point
PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY - Theyre not the same
thing
PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY - what is privacy
pt have right to control info about themselves
PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY - if privacy iis invaded then what shuld be protected
confidentiality
PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY - what is confidentiality
our right ot have any personal data protected
PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY - the right to privacy extends to
area where study took place
e,g institutions or geo locations not being named
when evaluatin ethics what can we be thinking
can ethial csots be justified in terms of beenfits
just cause study judegd unethical by todyas standards dont mean
findings are meaningless
ethical isdues dont challenge
findings of a study
what does BPS stand for
british psychological society
BPS code of ethics includes
set of ethicval guidelines
researcehrs have professional duty to observe
guidelines when conducting research
researcehrs wont be sent to prisdon if dont abide by code of ethics but may
loose their job
guidelines of BPS attempt to ensure
all pt are treated with respect and cosnideration during each phase of research
guidelines are implemetned by ethics comitetes in research institutions who use a what approach
COST EBENFIT APPROACH
Cost beenfit approaches are used to deterien
wether particualr research proposal aare ethically acceptable
how can we deal with informed consent hint signign
pt shoudl bhe issued with cnosent leter detailing all relelavnt info that may affect theri descision to particpate
if pt agress should sign it
for investigation involving under 16s how do we get consent
singature of parentla consent is required
give me two otehr ways to get consent
presumptive consen t
retrospective consent
what is presumptive consent
rahter than getting consent from pt themselves , similar group of people are asked if study is acceptable
if group agrees consent of og pt is presumed
what is retrospective consen t
pt asked for consent during debriefing having already taken part in the study
when would you use retrosepctive consent
pt may not have been aware of theri partivpation
may have been subject to deception
how can we deal with deception and protection from harm
pt given full debrief
what is debrieg
pt amde aware of true aims of invesitation and any detailed they werent supplied with during study e.g existence of toehr groups/experiemtnal conditions
another way of dealing with deception and protection from harm
+ when is this particularly important
told what data will be used for and and must be given right to withdraw during study and right to withold data if they wish
retrospective consent is a feature of the study
in terms of dealing with protectio from harm pt may have natural concerns realted to performance within investigation what shoudl we do
reassure them behaviour was typical or normal
in terms od dealing with protection from harm in extrem cases if pt have been subject to stress/embarrasment they may …
need counsellling which researcehr shuld provide
DEALING WITH CONFIDENTIALITY - if personal details are held thees must eb
protected
DEALING WITH CONFIDENTIALITY - if personal details are held they must be protcted but its more usual to
simply record no personal details i.e maintain anonymity
DEALING WITH CONFIDENTIALITY - researcerhs usually refer to pt using
numbers or initials
DEALING WITH CONFIDENTIALITY - in case studys psychologists oten use
intials when dsecribing individuals invlved
DEALING WITH CONFIDENTIALITY - is standard practice during debriefing and debriefing pt reminded
data will be protected throughout process and told data wont eb shared with other reseaarcehrs
