Psychopathology - cognitive approach to explaining depression Flashcards
What did Beck do
ttok cogh approach to explaining why some people more vunerable to depression than others
What did Beck says creates vuenrability to depression
a persons cognitions i.e the way tehy think
What are the three parts to cognitive vulnerabilitu
Faulty Information Processing
Negative Self - Schema
Negative Triad
What is faulty information procesing
when depressed people atenD to negative aspects of a situation and ignore positives
Give an eg pf faulty information processing
win 1 mill but focus on fact last wek someone won 10million
instead of all the good i could obtain/do with a milly
what type of thinking do depressed people think
black and white thinking
What is black and white thinking
something is either all good or all bad
What is a Schemas
package of ideas and info developed thorugh excperience
acts as a mental framework for interpretation of sensory info
What is self schema
pack of info people have about themselves
People use schema to
interpret the world
If a person has a negative self schema how do they interpet all infotmation about themselves
in a negative way
what did beck say causes a perosn to develops a dysfunctiomal view of themselves
becuase of the 3 types of negatove thinking that occur automatically regardless of reality of what’s happening at the time
What are the three elements that make a person develop a dysfunctional view of themselves called
the negative triad
When a person is depressed what thoughts are uppermost
negative thoughts about
world ,
future
the self
State the negative triaf
negative view of the world
negative view of the future
negative view of the self
give an exampleof negative view of the world and what impression this creates
world is a cold ahrd palce
impression - no hope anywhere
give an exampleof negative view of the future and what impression this resuces/enhances
there isnt much chance econ will relaly get better
reduce - hopefulness
emhance - depression
give an exampleof negative view of self and what this enhances and why
i am a failure
enhance existing depressive feelings
as confirm emotions of low self esteem
ELLIS ABC MODEL - What was his different explanation of depression/ he proposed
good mental health is result of rational thinking
ELLIS ABC MODEL - what is rational thinking
thinking in ways that allow people to be happy and free from pain
ELLIS ABC MODEL - to ellis conditions like anxiety and depression result form
irratinoal thought s
ELLIS ABC MODEL - define irratinoal thoughts from ellis pov
thoughts that interfere with us being happy and free from pain
ELLIS ABC MODEL - irrational thougts are not
illogical
unrealsitic
ELLIS ABC MODEL - this explains how
irratinoal thoughts affect our behaviour and emotional stat e
ELLIS ABC MODEL - what do ABC stand for
A - activating event
B- beliefs
C - onsequences
A ACTIVATING EVENT - ellis focused on situations in which
irratinoal thoughts are triggered by external evennts
A ACTIVATING EVENT - acording to ellis we get depressed when and what does this trigger
we experience negative events
these trigger irrational beliefs
A ACTIVATING EVENT - give example of an activating event and what this may trigger
failing an important test
might trigger ittational beliefs
B BELIEFS - ellis identified a range of
irrational beliefs
B BELIEFS - What is musturbation
belief we must always suceed or ahchieve perfection
B BELIEFS - what is i cant stand it itis
belief its a major disaster whenever something doesnt go smoothly
B BELIEFS - what is utopianism
beleif life is alwasy meant to be fair
C CONSEQUENCES - When an activating event triggers an emotional irratinoal beliefs there are …
emotional and behavioural consequences
C CONSEQUENCES - for example if a person believes they must succed (musturbation) and then fails at something this can trigger
depression
EVAL- strength beck supporting research
supporting research
clark and beck 1999 concluded not only were these cognitive vulnerabilities like faulty info processing more common in depressed people but they preceded the depression
this was confirmed in a more recent prospective study by Cohen et al 2019 tracked 473 adolescents development, regularly measuring cognitive vulnerability and found showing cognitive vulnerability predicted later depression
this shows that there is association between cognitive vulnerability and depression
EVAL - strength beck real worl applciation
real world application in screening and tREATMENT FOR depression
cohen et al concluded assessing cognitive vulnerability allows psycholigitsts to screen young people, identifying those most at risk of developing depression and monitoring them
understanding cognitive vulnerability can also be applied in CBT to alter cognitions that make people vulnerable to depression,making person more resilient to -ve life events
means that understanding of cognitive vulnerability is useful in more than one aspect of clinical practice
EVAL - ellis - stregth real world application
real world applciaion in psycho treatment of depression
his approach to cog therapry is REBT
idea is by vigorously arguing w a depressed person the therapist can alter the irrational beliefs making em unhappy
theres some evidence to support idea REBT can both change -ve beliefs and relieve symptoms of depression
meaning REBT got real world value
EVAL limitation of ellsi - reactive and endogenous depression
it only explains reactive depression not endogenous depression
there seems to eb no doubt depression often trigerred by life events - what he would call activating events
such cases called reactive depression
how we repsonf to -ve life events also seems to be at least partly the result of our beliefs
but many cases of depression not traceable to life events and its not obvious what leads person to become depressed at aprticular tiem
this type of depression sometimes called endogenoues depression
ellis model less useful for explaining endogenous depression
meaning ellis model can only explain some cases of depression therefore only partial explanation
