Obedience : Situational Variable s Flashcards
what did milgram do after conducting his first study on obedience
3 marks
carried out variations
to understand situational variables that may lead to
more or less obedience
what were the situatinoal arbales
proximity
location
uniform
in the baseline study the teacher could hear the leanrer but not see them T/F
TRU
what is proximity
phsyical closeness of an authority figure to person giving an order to
physical closeness of teacher and learner in milgram
how many proximity variations were there
3
state the 3 proximity ariation
being in same room
touch - hand on plate
remote - expermienter out of room
describe waht happened in proximity
teacher and learner in same room
obedience rate dropped from 65% to 40%
touch proximity - teacher forced learner hand onto electroshock plate ,if learner refused to after giving the wrong answer -
obedience dropped to 30%
remote instruction variation - experimetner left room and gave instruvtions to teacher by telephone -
obedience reduced to 20.5%
pt also frequently pretended to give shocks
tell me findings of proximity variations
decreased proximity allows people to psycholigxally distance themselves from condequences of their actions
e.g when teacher and learnrer physically seprated in baseline study
teacher less aware of harm causing to anther person so more obedient
explain miglram conducting the location variable
run down office block as opposed to yale uni setting of baseline study
obedience fell to 47.5%
give me the locatio explanation
prestigous uni enviro gave milgram og study legitimacy and authority
pt more obedient in yale becuase they percieved experimetner shared the legitimacy and that obedience was expected
obedience was still quite high in office block cause pt percieved the scientific nature of procedure
in baseline study why did the exp were a grey lab coat
symbol of authority
what happened in the unifrom variation
exp called away because of inconveneinet telephone call at start of pricedure
and role was taken over by an oridnary meebr of the public (confederate) in everyday clothes rather than lab coat
describe obedience rate in the unifrom variation
dropped to 20%
lowest of all variaitons
why do uniforms encorage obedience
theyre widely recognised symbol of authority
what is someone in uniform entitled to expect and why
obedience as their authority is legitimate
someone w/o uniform has less
right to expect our obedience
situational variables meaning
features of immediate physical and social enviro which may infleunce a persons behaviour
LIMIATION - LOW INTERNAL VALIDOTY
PT may have been x situation was x
psychologists made x of M baseline study
they pointed out even more likely in his variations becuase of the extra x of x
e.g when x was replaced by xxx
Even x recognised the situation was so x some pt may have worked out he x
therfore in all milgrams study its x wehther findings generally due to x of obedience or because pt saw through the x nd thefore just responded to x charcteritsitcs w
PT may have been aware situation was fake
psychologists made criticism of M baseline study
they pointed out (knowledge)even more likely in his variations becuase of the extra manipulation of variables
e.g when experiemtneer was replaced by MOP
Even M recognised the situation was so contrived some pt may have worked out he truth
therfore in all milgrams study its unclear wehther findings generally due to operation of obedience or because pt saw through the deception nd thefore just responded to demand charcteritsitcs w
STRENGTH - RESEARCH SUPPORT
Other studies have demonstrated x of situational variables on x
in field x in xxx researcher had x confederates dress in diff outfits - x and x , x outfit, x x uniform
confederats x stood in street and asked passers by to x tasks such as picking up x or hand over x for parking x
people x likely to obey assitant dressed as x x than one dressed in x and x
supporting view as that a situational varibale such as x does have x effect on obedience - x milgram theory
Other studies have demonstrated influence of situational variables on obedience
in field experiemtn on new york city researcehr had 3 confederates dress in diff outfits - jacket and tie , milkman outfit, security guard uniform
confederats individually stood in street and asked passers by to peform tasks such as picking up litter or hand over coin for parking meter
people twice likely to obey assitant dressed as securtiy guard than one dressed in jacket and tie
supporting view as that a situational varibale such as unifrm does have power effect on obedience - strenghteing milgram theory
STRENGHT CROSS ULTURAL REPLICATIONS
Findings have been x in otehr x
researchers used more x procedrure than Milgram’s to study obedience in x pt
pt ordered to say x x ot someone in interview to confederate x for a job
x% of pt obeyed
researchers also replicated miligrams findings concerning
x
when person giving orders x present
obedience x x
this overall suggests x findings not x to x or x
but are valid actoss other x and apply to x too
Findings have been replicated in otehr cultures
researchers used more relasitic procedrure than Milgram’s to study obedience in dutch pt
pt ordered to say stressful thignfs ot someone in interview to confederate desperate for a job
90% of pt obeyed
researchers also replicated miligrams findings concerning
priximity
when person giving orders wasnt present
obedience decreased dramatically
this overall suggests milgram findings not limited to americans or men
but are valid actoss other cultures and apply to women too
