Obedience : Situational Variable s

Question 1

what did milgram do after conducting his first study on obedience

3 marks

Answer 1

carried out variations

to understand situational variables that may lead to

more or less obedience

Question 2

what were the situatinoal arbales

Answer 2

proximity

location

uniform

Question 3

in the baseline study the teacher could hear the leanrer but not see them T/F

Answer 3

TRU

Question 4

what is proximity

Answer 4

phsyical closeness of an authority figure to person giving an order to

physical closeness of teacher and learner in milgram

Question 5

how many proximity variations were there

Answer 5

3

Question 6

state the 3 proximity ariation

Answer 6

being in same room

touch - hand on plate

remote - expermienter out of room

Question 7

describe waht happened in proximity

Answer 7

teacher and learner in same room
obedience rate dropped from 65% to 40%

touch proximity - teacher forced learner hand onto electroshock plate ,if learner refused to after giving the wrong answer -
obedience dropped to 30%

remote instruction variation - experimetner left room and gave instruvtions to teacher by telephone -
obedience reduced to 20.5%
pt also frequently pretended to give shocks

Question 8

tell me findings of proximity variations

Answer 8

decreased proximity allows people to psycholigxally distance themselves from condequences of their actions

e.g when teacher and learnrer physically seprated in baseline study
teacher less aware of harm causing to anther person so more obedient

Question 9

explain miglram conducting the location variable

Answer 9

run down office block as opposed to yale uni setting of baseline study

obedience fell to 47.5%

Question 10

give me the locatio explanation

Answer 10

prestigous uni enviro gave milgram og study legitimacy and authority

pt more obedient in yale becuase they percieved experimetner shared the legitimacy and that obedience was expected

obedience was still quite high in office block cause pt percieved the scientific nature of procedure

Question 11

in baseline study why did the exp were a grey lab coat

Answer 11

symbol of authority

Question 12

what happened in the unifrom variation

Answer 12

exp called away because of inconveneinet telephone call at start of pricedure

and role was taken over by an oridnary meebr of the public (confederate) in everyday clothes rather than lab coat

Question 13

describe obedience rate in the unifrom variation

Answer 13

dropped to 20%

lowest of all variaitons

Question 14

why do uniforms encorage obedience

Answer 14

theyre widely recognised symbol of authority

Question 15

what is someone in uniform entitled to expect and why

Answer 15

obedience as their authority is legitimate

Question 16

someone w/o uniform has less

Answer 16

right to expect our obedience

Question 17

situational variables meaning

Answer 17

features of immediate physical and social enviro which may infleunce a persons behaviour

Question 18

LIMIATION - LOW INTERNAL VALIDOTY

PT may have been x situation was x

psychologists made x of M baseline study
they pointed out even more likely in his variations becuase of the extra x of x
e.g when x was replaced by xxx

Even x recognised the situation was so x some pt may have worked out he x

therfore in all milgrams study its x wehther findings generally due to x of obedience or because pt saw through the x nd thefore just responded to x charcteritsitcs w

Answer 18

PT may have been aware situation was fake

psychologists made criticism of M baseline study

they pointed out (knowledge)even more likely in his variations becuase of the extra manipulation of variables
e.g when experiemtneer was replaced by MOP

Even M recognised the situation was so contrived some pt may have worked out he truth

therfore in all milgrams study its unclear wehther findings generally due to operation of obedience or because pt saw through the deception nd thefore just responded to demand charcteritsitcs w

Question 19

STRENGTH - RESEARCH SUPPORT

Other studies have demonstrated x of situational variables on x

in field x in xxx researcher had x confederates dress in diff outfits - x and x , x outfit, x x uniform

confederats x stood in street and asked passers by to x tasks such as picking up x or hand over x for parking x

people x likely to obey assitant dressed as x x than one dressed in x and x

supporting view as that a situational varibale such as x does have x effect on obedience - x milgram theory

Answer 19

Other studies have demonstrated influence of situational variables on obedience

in field experiemtn on new york city researcehr had 3 confederates dress in diff outfits - jacket and tie , milkman outfit, security guard uniform

confederats individually stood in street and asked passers by to peform tasks such as picking up litter or hand over coin for parking meter

people twice likely to obey assitant dressed as securtiy guard than one dressed in jacket and tie

supporting view as that a situational varibale such as unifrm does have power effect on obedience - strenghteing milgram theory

Question 20

STRENGHT CROSS ULTURAL REPLICATIONS

Findings have been x in otehr x

researchers used more x procedrure than Milgram’s to study obedience in x pt

pt ordered to say x x ot someone in interview to confederate x for a job
x% of pt obeyed

researchers also replicated miligrams findings concerning
x
when person giving orders x present
obedience x x

this overall suggests x findings not x to x or x
but are valid actoss other x and apply to x too

Answer 20

Findings have been replicated in otehr cultures

researchers used more relasitic procedrure than Milgram’s to study obedience in dutch pt

pt ordered to say stressful thignfs ot someone in interview to confederate desperate for a job
90% of pt obeyed

researchers also replicated miligrams findings concerning
priximity
when person giving orders wasnt present
obedience decreased dramatically

this overall suggests milgram findings not limited to americans or men
but are valid actoss other cultures and apply to women too