Localisation of function in the brain

Question 1

In the 19th century what did Broca and Wernicke discover

Answer 1

Specific areas of brain

associated with

particular physical & psychological functions

Question 2

Before Broca and Wernicke investigations and the case of Phineas Gage what did scientist support

Answer 2

The holistic theory of the brain

Question 3

What is the holistic theory of the brain

Answer 3

All parts of the brain

involved in

processing of thought and action

Question 4

What did Broca and Wernicke argue for

Answer 4

Localisation of function

Question 5

Localisation of function is also known as

Answer 5

Cortical specialisation

Question 6

What is localisation of function

Answer 6

Idea diff parts of brain , perform diff tasks & are involved with different parts of the body

Question 7

people witjh wernicke’s aphasia often produce

Answer 7

nonsense words (neologisms) as part of content of their speech

Question 8

neologism is

Answer 8

newly created word not part of official lang

Question 9

What are the two symmetrical halves of the brain called

Answer 9

Left and right hemispheres

Question 10

What is lateralisation

Answer 10

idea some psychological /physical functions

controlled by a particular hemisphere

Question 11

what activity does the right hemisphere contorl

Answer 11

activity in teh left hand side of the body

Question 12

what activity dose the left hemisphere control

Answer 12

activity in the right hand side of the body

Question 13

What is outer layer of hemispheres called

Answer 13

Cerebral cortex

Question 14

Cerebral cortex Is like

Answer 14

Tea cosy covering inner parts of brain

Question 15

How thick is Cerebral cortex

Answer 15

3mm

Question 16

Why does Cerebral cortex separate us from other animals

Answer 16

Because human cortex much more developed

Question 17

What colour does cortex appear like

Answer 17

Grey

Question 18

Why does the cortex appear grey

Answer 18

Location of the cell bodies

Question 19

What is the cortex of both hemispheres subdivided into

Answer 19

Four lobes

Question 20

cortex of both hemispheres are subdivided into 4 lobes named after

Answer 20

bones beneath them

Question 21

how do we remebr order of the lobes

Answer 21

four
people
often
taste

onions

Question 22

What are the bones beneath the hemispheres called

Answer 22

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe

Question 23

Each lobe beneath the hemispheres have a

Answer 23

Different function

Question 24

At the back of both frontal lobe is the

Answer 24

Motor area

Question 25

What does the motor area control

Answer 25

Voluntary movement in opposite side of the body

Question 26

What can damage in the motor area cause

Answer 26

Loss of control over fine movements

Question 27

What is at the front of both parietal lobes

Answer 27

somatosensory area

Question 28

the somatosensory area is seprated from the?

Answer 28

motor area

Question 29

the somatosensory area and the motor area are seperated by

Answer 29

a valley

called : central sulcus

Question 30

what is the somatosensory area

Answer 30

area where sensory info from skin represented

(related tot ouch i.e heat )

Question 31

what indicates the senitivity in terms of the somatosensory area

Answer 31

the amount of somatosensory area devoted to a particular body part

Question 32

give example of a somatosensory area

Answer 32

receptors for our face and hands occupy over half of the somatosensory area

Question 33

where is the occipital lobe

Answer 33

back of the brain

Question 34

teh occipital lobe in the back of the brain is the

Answer 34

visual area /cortex

Question 35

what do the eyes do in teh visual area

(in terms of sending)

Answer 35

each eye sends info from right visual field to left visual cortex

and

from the left visual field to the right visual cortex

Question 36

as for instance

eye passes info from the left visual field to the right visual cortex

what would happen if there was damage to the left hemisphere

Answer 36

blindness in the RVF of both eyes

Question 37

the temporal lobes house the

(think tempo)

Answer 37

auditory area

Question 38

what does the auditory area do

Answer 38

analyses speech based info

Question 39

talk about damage in teh auditory area

may produce….

the more extensive…

Answer 39

may produce partial hearing loss

the more exentensive the damage the more extensive the loss

Question 40

what happens if there is damage to a specific area of the temporal lobe - wernicke’s area

Answer 40

may affect the ability to comprehend language

Question 41

where is language restricted to in most people

Answer 41

left side of the brain

Question 42

what happened in 1880’s with broca (broca’s are)

Answer 42

identified small area in left frontal lobe responsible for speech production

Question 43

what happens when there’s damage to broca’s area

Answer 43

broca’s aphasia

Question 44

Broca’s asphasia is characterised by

Answer 44

speech that’s

-slow
-laborious
-lacking in fluency

people find difficulty with prepositions and conjunctions i.e (a, the , and)

Question 45

Why was Broca’s most famous patient called Tan

Answer 45

only thing he could say

Question 46

around same time as broca , wernicke was describing people :

who had no problem

Answer 46

producing a lang

but lots difficulties understanding it

so speech fluent but meaningless

Question 47

where and what is wenicke’s area

Answer 47

region in left temporal lobe

responsible for language and understanding

Question 48

when wernickes area is damaged it results in

Answer 48

wernicke’s aphasia

Question 49

according to loacalisation of function what will happen If certain area of brain becomes damaged
through illness/injury

Answer 49

functions associated with that area will also be affected

Question 50

people who have wernickes aphasia will often produce

Answer 50

nonsesne words (neologisms)

as part of content of their speech

Question 51

eval points

Answer 51

brians scan evidence

coutnerpoitn - challenge from work of lashley

case stuy evidence - phineas gage perosnlaity change

Question 52

eval - brain scan evidence

theres x of supporting evidence for localisation of x function, particularly in x and x

e.g x et al used brain x to demonstrate how wernickes area was active during a x task and brocas area active during a x task - suggest these areas have x functions

simiary a study of x x memory by x revealed x and episodic memory reside in diff aprts of x cortex

such research which is conducted using highly x and x methods to measure x activity provide x x evidence for teh x of brain x

Answer 52

theres plenty of supporting evidence for localisation of neurological function, particularly in language and memory

e.g peterson et al used brain scnas to demonstrate how wernickes area was active during a listening task and brocas area active during a reading task - suggest these areas have diff functions

simiary a study of long term memory by tulving revealed semantic and episodic memory reside in diff aprts of prefrontal cortex

such research which is conducted using highly sophisticated and objective methods to measure brain activity provide sound scientific evidence for teh localisation of brain funciton

Question 53

counterpoint - challenge to localisiton theory

a challenge ot localisation theory comes from work of x

lashley removed areas of the x between x% and x% in x that were learning x through a x

no area was proven to be more x than any other area int erms of rats ability to x the route

the x of learning seemed to require x part of the cortex rather than being x to a x area

this suggest x x processes such as x are not localised but x in a more x way int he brian which is a limitaitno as the localistion theory doesnt account for this

Answer 53

a challenge ot localisation theory comes from work of lashley

lashley removed areas of the cortex between 10% and 50% in rats that were learning route through a maze

no area was proven to be more important than any other area int erms of rats ability to learn the route

the proces of learning seemed to require every part of the cortex rather than being confied to a articular are a

this suggest highe rcognitive processes such as learnign are not localised but distributed in a more holistic way int he brian

Question 54

case study eveidence

x x support the theory of localisation

he was caugh tin an x whihc resulted in a meter length x being x trhoguh his x and tearing out most of his x lobe

he survived however he became short x, x , x - his x changed cuas ebefore he was very x , x , x

this suggest frontal lobe may be x for x modd which is a strenght as support x of x

Answer 54

phineas gage support the theory of localisation

he was caugh tin an explosion whihc resulted in a meter lenght pole being hurled trhoguh hishhead and tearing out most of his frontla loeb

he survived however he became short termpered , rude , agrresive - his pesonlity changed cuas ebefore he was very mild , nice , gentlemen

this suggest frontal lobe may be repsonsible for regulaitng modd which is a strenght as support theory of localisation