Wednesday Wk 4 Mixed Flashcards
ADH is synthesized in P__/S__ nuclei of hypothalamus
damage to PP causes transient DI as axonal __ and hypertrophy can allow release of hormone
AP releases hormones via __ eminence into Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal vessels
only Leuks C/D/E4 and A__ can lead to bronchoconstriction
Leuks also promote mucosal __ and mucus secretion
I__ is antimuscarinic to block M3 receptors in asthma
paraventricular, supraoptic
regen
median
acetylcholine
edema
ipratropium
acute hepatitis post op usually due to exposure to __ inhaled anesthetics
ie H__ hepatitis and leads to __cellular damage
typical hepatitis sx w __ hepatic necrosis
NO is inhaled anesthetic that is antagonist of __ receptor
Succinylcholine/halogenated anesthetics can lead to M__
Nondepolarizing nicotinc receptor that competes w acetylcholine at end plate receptor V
halogenated
halothane
hepatocellular
centrilobular
NMDA
malignant hyperthermia
vecuronium
pt w Mono sx but missing sore throat and LAD likely has __
affects leuks of G__ lineage
protein digestion begins in __
must be broken to Di/tri/AA to be absorbed in __
E__ is responsible for activtating trypsin
Enteropeptidase def leads to probs w __/__ malabsorption
BA are conjugated to G/T to aid in digestion/absorption
Erythroblastosis fetalis and HDN occur w maternal anti-fetal __ type 2 HS Rxn
must be __ type to cross the placenta, thus it predominantly occurs in type __ mothers
CMV
granulocyte
stomach
SI
enteropeptidase
fat/protein
glycine, taurine
antibodies
IgG
O
PA due to CD4 t cells destroying parietal cells in stomach __/__
leads to loss of p__, round parietal cells in the upper glandular layer
normally secrete GA and __ to allow for VB12 absorption
just deeper is __ cells that secrete pepsinogen
BH4 is necessary to form S, T, and D
even pts w meningococcal vaccination need __ if exposed
body, fundus
pink
IF
chief
serotonin, tyrosine, dopamine
kidney develops from __ cord of urogenital ridge of intermediate mesoderm
Mesonephros system persists in males as __ ducts
Metanephric diverticulum aka __ bud forms collecting tubules, Major/minor calyces, and ureter
Metanephric __ forms glomerul, BS, P/D tubules and LoH
__ nucleus of hypothalamus regulates heat dissipation
__ nucleas mediates heat conservation
A__ nucleus secretes dopamine and GHRH and GnRH
P__ ncles releases ADH, CRH, oxytocin, TRH
S__ nucleus secretes ADH/oxytocin
S_ nucleus for circadian rhythm/pineal gland
nephrogenic
wolffian
ureteric
blastema
anterior
posterior
arcuate
paraventricular
supraoptic
suprachiasmatic
AP threshold is -__
after this, a rapid __ is seen
Macula has densely packed __ w no blood vessels
cone synapses on __ cell and then ganglioon cell
deposition of __ tissue leads to Dry MD
N__ leads to wet MD
PCA branches off __ artery
supplies CN __/__, thalamus, splenium, occipital lobe
Artery of percheron branches off __ to supply thalamus/dorsal midbrain
anterior __ artery is last branch off ICA to supply IC, optic tract, LGN, hippocampus
anti-IL 6 T__ can be used for GCA
55
action potential
cones
bipolar
fatty
neovascularization
basilar
3/4
PCA
choroidal
tocilizumab
Cocci is transmitted via __ inhalation
these turn into spherules containing __
main SE of TZD is fluid retention due to Na reabsorption in __
pt w loss of UE pain/temp, UE weakness/hyporeflexia, LE weakness and hyperreflexia has __
due to cystic dilaton that enlarges and damages V__/__ horn
VWC is decussation for 2nd order _ neurons
as it expands, can impact __ areas
RLS step of catecholamine synthesis is conversion of __ to DOPA via tyrosine hydroxylase
PNMT in AM is upregulated by __, thus if low, dec EPI release
spore
endospres
PCT
syringomyelia
VWC, anterior
lateral ST tract
other
tyrosine
cortisol
maximum intensity of AS murmur occurs as difference in __/__ pressures is greatest
Benzos/Barbs bind to __ binding sites of GABA to potentiate activity
use __ in acute panic attack
cerebellar vermis mediates axial/truncal __
connected to Medial descending motor systems ie A__ CS, reticulospinal, vestibulospnal, tectospinal tracts
can lead to nystagmus/vetigo if inferior vermis/__ node is involved
Limb dysmetria due to damage of cerebellar __
assc w lateral descending motor systems ie L__ CS tract and rubrospinal tract
may also see __ tremor
Resting tremor occurs w damage to __ and projections
LV/Aortic
allosteric
benzo
posutre
anterior
flocculonodular
hemispheres
lateral
intention
SN
__ necrosis after ischemic injury
tissue architecture is __ due to denatured lytic enzymes
cells lose __ and become eosinophilic
L__ infiltrate to digest debris
__ necrosis seen w bacteria infection w leuk recruitment or CNS infarct
necrotic cells digested by _ enzymes w viscous mass
presence of __ in fluid
see __ formation of infection
brain infarcts are filled w __
__ necrosis in panc, as lipase/other enzymes degrade Fats
releases FFA to bind __
__ necrosis w Tb infection/fungal
cheesy appearanc w __ material
forms a G__
coagulative
maintained
nucleus
leukocyte
liquefactive lysosomal pus abscess CSF
fatty
calcium
caseous
proteinaceous
granuloma
VB6 can be used to prevent stone formation in pt w __ stones due to decreasing its prodxn
focal mounding following percussion is myo__
specific for H__ due to slow reabsorption of Ca from SR
see __ muscle weakness and cramping
GC induced myopathy presents w proximal muscle weakness/atrophy without __
CK is __
Polymyalgia rheumatic CK is __
Statin myopathy CK is __
oxaluria
myoedema
hypothyroid
proximal
pain
normal
normal
elevated
RLS is assc w __/__
may be linked to __ def, maybe in SN
renal tubular acidosis is disoder of renal tubules w hyper__ normal AGAP MA
Distal (type 1)- urine pH __ 5.5
defect in __ cells ability to secrete proton
no new __ is generated, leading to MA
assc w hypo__ and inc risk for kidney stones
may be due to A__, analgesic nephropathy, congenital abnorms
CKD, DM
iron
chloremia greater a intercalated HCO3 kalemia amphotericin
Proximal RTA (type 2) ph is \_\_ 5.5 defect in PCT \_\_ reabsorption w inc excretion urine is acidified by \_\_ assc w hypo\_\_ and inc risk for rickets due to \_\_ syndrome and CA inhibs
Hyperkalemic RTA (type 4) urine pH is __ 5.5
hypo__ leads to hyperkalemia
dec __ in PCT so low NH4 excretion
anything that dec __ can cause, N__, H__ or aldosterone resistance
less HCO3 a intercalated kalemia fanconi
less
aldosteronism
NH3
aldo, NSAIDs heparain
