Wed Wk 4 Mixed 2 Flashcards

1
Q

interstitial fibrosis w central lymphs and macros/scattered giant cells is myocardial __ aka Aschoff body
eventually replaced by fibrous scar tissue to form __
macros w lots of cytoplasm and central ribbon of chromatin is __ cell

diuretics and antibiotics can lead to _ myocarditis w eosinophilic infiltrate

__ enters into RA bw IVC/TC valve
__ w anything that inc size of RA

Misclassification bias affects __ groups to same extent

A

granuloma
MS
anitschowsky

hypersensitivity

Coronary sinus
enlarged

both

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2
Q

most common mutation of CFTR is deletion of Phenylalanine which results in improper post__
thus, targeted for __ and degredation
tx w L__ to correct folding defect

SGN innervates gluteus __/__ to abduct the hip
IGN innervates gluteus __ to extend the thigh

HepB transmission to fetus usually occurs during passage in __

SE of clozapine includes A, S, M, met syndrome

A

translational processing
proteasome
lumacaftor

medius/minimus
maximus

brith canal

agranulocytosis, seizure, myocarditis

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3
Q

SOB, upper lobe nodules, calcified rim of hilar LN w birefringent particles w surrounding fibrosis has __

SOB, ill defined nodular opacities w noncaseating granulomas think __

SF1 is a nuclear receptor regulating trxn of S, S__ development and repro
mutation in SF1/NR5A1 can then impair __ cells

CO2 is a potent __ of CNS
esp in ABP range of __ when ABG exert most powerful influence
hypocapnia results in VC and dec cerebral __

A

silicosis

Berrylosis

steroidogenesis, sexual
sertoli

vasodilator
60-140

perfusion

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4
Q

Edward syndrome assc w VSD/PDA, __ kidney, __ diverticulum/malrotation

Aqueous humor produced by __ into posterior chamber
flows through pupil and into S_ canal
drains into E, C veins or go through ciliary muscle in __ path

Open angle glaucoma has __ intraocular pressure
seen as large optic _ w loss of peripheral visual fields
tx w L__ is prostaglandin that inc outlfow
activated by __ in cornea to dec collagen content in uveoscleral outflow path
may inc pigment in _/__

A

horshoe, meckel

ciliary body
schlemm
episcleral, conjunctival
uveoscleral

high
cup

latanaprost
esterase
iris/eyelashes

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5
Q

CA inhib D__ dec AH prodxn
BB T__ dec AH prodxn
AA agonist B__ vc ciliary body to dec prodxn

gonadal arteries arise from __ aorta

__ artery supplies blood to anal canal, scrotum, penis

Hepatocyte necrosis is cellular __ and cytoplasmic emptying
may have __ necrosis to other dead hepatocytes
apoptosis w cell shrinkage and eosinophilia aka C__ body
w mononuclear inflammation, must think __

A

Dorzolamide
timolol
brimonidine

abdominal

internal pudendal

swelling
bridging
councilmn
viral hepatitis

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6
Q

Salmonella enters gut mucosa via __ by m cells and bacteria mediated endocytosis
proliferates in __ patches and may lead to bleeding
look for relative __ and HSM
potential comp is intestinal __

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia is due to mutation in CaSR a transmembrane __ receptor
binding of Ca inhibits __ release

in CKD, hyperPTH activates __/_ which inc bone resorption
leads to osteo__ and eventually osteodystrophy like __

A

phagocytosis
peyers
bradycardia

GPCR
PTH

osteoclasts, osteocytes
penia
osteitis fibrosis cystica

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7
Q

carcinoid tumors arise from E__ cells of intestinal mucosa

PI3K activates Akt activates __ to trxn genes for cell survival, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis
mTOR inhibited by __

In SCD, valine nonpolar AA creates a __ pocket to interact w nonpolar residue on other Hb molecule
this causes p__ and sickling
In HbC disease, a __ AA is substitued, thus no hydrophobic pocket forms

use __ in anaphylactic shock
inc PVR due to __
inc CO/contractility via __
inc bronchodilation via __

A

enterochromaffin

mTOR
PTEN

hydrophobic
polymerization
charged

EPI
A1
B1
B2

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8
Q

ALS leads to loss of motor neurons in CN __/__/_/__
mutation is in __

SE of carbamezepine is __ suppression and SIADH

K/F/M are NMDA antags
Felbamate is anti__
Memantine used for __

in preg, there is an shift towards __ state
lose protein __
best tx w L__ like enoxaparin as it does not cross the placenta

Factor Xa inhib A

use C/A for prevention of thrombotic events

A

5, 9,10,12
SOD1

bone marrow

ketamine, felbamate, memantine
convulsant
Alzheimer

hypercoagulable
S
LMH

apixiban

clopidigrel, aspirin

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9
Q

avoid H1 antags in elderly due to blockade of C, S, A pathways

MTC due to parafollicular __ secreting C cells
nest/sheet of P__ or spindle shaped cells w extracellular amyloid deposits
thus, stain w __ red

Papillary thyroid Ca has visible papillae w __ core
may see __ bodies and Orphan annie eyes and intranuclear inclusions

tall cell variant may show follicular __ lined w epithelial cells

Tall, crowded cells seen in __ dz
hyperactive resoprtion leads to __ of edges

__ thyoid cancer has pleomorphic cells w irregular giant/spindle cells

A

cholinergic, serotoninergic, alpha adrenergic

calcitonin
polygonal
Congo

fibrovascular
psamomma

hyperplasia

Graves dz
scalloping

anaplastic

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10
Q

thyroid follicle cells, epithelium, derived from __

Psoriasis has absent __ w overlying parakeratosis

Calcineurin activates __ to go to nucleus and release IL2
tx w calcineurin inhibs C/T

A

endoderm

granulomsa

NFAT
cyclosporine, tacrolimus

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11
Q

Metachromatic Leukodystrophy is deficiency in A__
C__ accumulates w PN and ataxia

Krabbe dz is G__ def
G__ accumulates, w optic atrophy, seizures, hypotonia

Fabry dz a G__ def w __ accumulation
neuro pain and dermatologic findings

Gaucher dz has G\_\_ accumulate
def in B\_\_ w HSM, pancytopenia and bone pain
A

arylsyulfatase A
cerebroside sulfate

galactocerebrosidase
galactocerebroside

a galactosidase, Gb3

glucocerebroside
glucocerebrosidase

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