Thurs Wk 6 Mixed 1 Flashcards
__ survival bias occurs when cases are selected from entire disease pop and not new cases
thus contains higher proportion of __ dz
for first few weeks of TB infection, the org __ in unchecked fashion w/in phagosome of alveolar macrophages
then APC display antigens and release __ to differentiate Th1 cells
activated macros then form __ phagolyosomes and epitheliod cells
release of / limits mycobacterial prolif but also causes caseous necrosis
widespread MSK pain and fatigue, psych probs indicates __
multiple tender points w out joint/muslce __
normal __ markers
tx w __ exercise and /
selective
benign
PROLIFERATES
IL12
acidified
ROS, digestive enzymes
FIBROMYALGIA
INFLAMMATION
inflammatory
aeorbic, TCA/SNRI
Polymyalgia rheumatica does not have __ sx or TENDERNESS
fragility fracture is highly suggestive of __
involves __ bone of vertebral column first
then involves __ in shafts of long bone/outer bones
serum studies are __
MM has high serum __ w normal albumin
BJ proteins are filtered in glomerulus and reabsorbed in __
precipitates w __ protein to cause tubule obstruction/epithelial injury
can be deposited in glomerul __ and capillary loops
__ causes T cell leukemia
see lytic bone lesions and _
rash in pt from J/A
neuropsych
osteoporosis
osteoporosis
cancellous
CORTICAL
normal
protein
PT
Tamm horstfal protein
mesangium
HTLV1
hypercalcemia
japan, africa
Nitrates cause poison by changing ferrous to __ iron
this forms __ that cannot bind O2
any other ferrous iron has __ affinity for O2 w left shift
pO2 is undissolved in plasma and remains __
see __ discoloration of skin
leads to functional __
bc it cannot bind O2, content/carrying capacity will __
schizophrenia may also include disorganized _ and negative sx
Bloom syndrome due to mutation in _ gene for helicase
see growth retard, _ anomalies, photosensitive rash and immunodeficiency
__ hyperplasia is benign enlargement of lymphoid tissue
Follicular hyperplasia occurs when follicles inc in /
sinus hyperplasia occurs when sinuse fill w __
diffuse occurs when nodal architecture has __ effacement of cells
ferric methemoglobin higher NORMAL dusky ANEMIA
behavior
BLM
facial
reactive
size/number
histiocytes
diffuse
__ transformation of LN has hgh number of malignant lymphoid cells being produced
can be __/__
Reactive hyperplasia is __
Malignant is __ from unchecked proliferation of only one cell line
thus, check for __ rearrangements for cancer
/ in ToF cause low SVR/PVR ratio
strongyloids transmitted by __ in soil w skin contact
migrate to __ and are coughed up/swallowed
when reach intestine, hatch into __ in intestinal mucosa
form __ larvae to excrete in stool
some can form __ larva and reinfect host (autoinfection)
may lead to high burden w __ and septic shock
usually in pt w __ or HTLV1
due to impaired __ cell immunity
pt is in __ region
sx include / sx w larva curren streaks
dx w __ in stool as egg/adults only seen on __
tx w __
malignant follicular/diffuse polyclonal monoclonal MONOCLONAL gene
PS/overriding aorta
larvae lungs adults rhabdidiform filariform hyperinfection immunosuppression Th2 WARM GI/pulm larvae intestinal biopsy ivermectin
parasite eggs in stool indicates __/__
tapeworms like / have proglottids in stool
/ have trophs/cysts in stool
access great saphenous vein in __ or near __ inferolateral to pubic tubercle
pain of vesicles on hard palate/tongue/lips in __ leads to dehydration
reactivation produces __ located on lip
__ has target lesions w dusky center and halo
due to __ response w high CD8 t cells
think infection w H/M or causes like S/C
HSP is due to __ deposition in vessel walls
see __ pain and bleeding
inc risk of __
see __ w mesangial prolif and crescent formation
along w __ and joint pain
S japonicum/mansoni
Taenia, Diphylo
Giardia, entamoeba
medial leg, femoral triangle
gingivostomatitis
herpes labialis
erythema multiforme
CMI
HSV, mycoplasma, sulfonamides, CVD
IgA immune complex GI intussception IgA Nephropathy palpable purpura
pt w __ hypertrophy of LV must inc __ to maintain CO
only occurs in __ process, as acute pt develops pulm edema
orthostatic hypoTN due to __ below heart
dec __ dec CO
drops __ to activate SNS via A1/B1 receptors is normal response
M/P are A1 agonists
MOST COMMON AE OF FIBRINOLYTIC DRUGS IS __
sx of intracranial hemorrhage include dec __, __ pupils and irregular bleeding
think reperfusion injury w A/S/D
ab pain/bloody diarrhea following surgical procedure has _
due to nonocclusive ischemia at watershed areas of __ flexure and __jxn (sigmoid-SR)
see pale mucosa w __
eccentric
LVSV
chronic
pooling of blood
VR
BP
midodine, phenylephrine
HEMORRHAGE
conciousness, assymetric
arrhythmia, myocardial stunning, myocyte death
ISCHEMIC COLITIS
splenic, rectosigmoid
petechial hemorrhage
Nec fasc can be caused by S, S, C and is usually polymicrobial
bacteria spread through __ tissues/deep fascia
due to __ w erythema, swelling, pain OoP to exam
release of toxins leads to __
tx w __ and antibiotics
strep pyo has __ beta hemolyis
bactitracin __
spreads due to H__/exotoxins
C perfringens is gram __ anaerobic spore forming __
has __ zone of hemolysis
S agalactiae prodces __ beta hemolysis
use L__ as anticonvulsant as it blocks Na channels
along w P/P/C have risk of SJS epidermal necrolysis
strep pyo, staph aureus, c perfringens superficial trauma septic shoc surgical debridement
wide zone, sensitive
hyaluronidase
pos, rod
double zone
narrow zone
lamontrigine
phenytoin, phenobarbitol, carbamazepine
AR murmur is diastolic __ right after A2
peak intensity heard at __ of aortic valve
MR murmur occurs as __ valve opens
KW nodules located in __
ovoid/spherical w lamellated appearance that look __
stain __ POSITIVE
these nodules compress __ w resulting nephrotic syndrome
HepC is assc w __
glomeruli are hypercellular w thickening/splitting of __
__ immune complex dep
solid tumors assc w __
capillary wall thickening and membrane __ w subepi deposits
acute H pylori infection composed of __ but chronic has L/F/P
leads to nonatrophic __
inc risk of __ and MALTOMA
decrescendo
closure
AORTIC
mesangium
eosinophilic
PAS
glomeruli
Membranoproliferative
GBM
SUBENDOTHELIAL
Membranous nephropathy
spikes
PMN
lymphocytes, follicles, plasma cells
chronic gastritis
gastric adenocarcinoma
myocyte relaxation due to calcium __ via Na/Ca pump and Ca ATPase (SERCA)
NCX pumps 1 Ca out for __ sodium in
Smooth muscle has no __, thus calmodulin regulates intracellular calcium
transtentorial herniation occurs w Uncus of __ lobe goes into tentorium
in __ herniation, cingulate gyrus herniates past falx cereberi to compress ACA
in __ herniation, tonsils enter FM and compress medulla
uncal herniation due to __ forcing compression of ipsi __ and __ artery
may compress contralateal __ thus ipsi hemiparesis
can rupture __ artery which is fatal
Protease inhibs SE include L/H and inhibition of __
use __ instead of rifampin
major SE of foscarnet is __ tox and electrolyte probs
SE of TMP-SMX is megaloblastic anemia and __
efflux
3
troponin
medial temporal
falcine
tonsillar
mass lesion
CN3, Posterior cerebral artery
cerebellar peduncle
Basilar
lipodystrophy, hyperglycemia, p450
rifabutin
renal
SJS
ulcers in anterior duodenal bulb can _ into GB/liver
ulcers on posterior bulb cause __ as it is close to __ artery and CBD/portal vein
GD artery comes from __ artery
spleen __ early in life due to trapping of sickle cells w atrophy/fibrosis
sequestration is more likely w __ w rapidly enlarging spleen EARLY in life
pt w hemolytic anemia has higher __ requirement
left 12th rib overlies __ medially and __ laterally
lower border of / found at the 11th rib
_ is most common obstruction for AA
retained __ causes appendix to distend and dec venous return
ischemia leads to __ invasion
perforate
hemorrhage, gastroduodenal
common hepatic artery
autoinfarcts
congesion
parietal pleura, left kidney
SPLEEN/LIVER
fecalith
mucus
bacterial
bridging cerebral vein flow is __ thus SDH has slow onset
look for gradually worsening HA w __ mass
due to __ it occurs more often in elderly
may see __ probs, seizure, somnolence, memory loss
think __ w lucid interval and lost conciousness
see __ shape
use __/__/__ to dx HSV2
H ducreyi is gram neg __
painless ulcers w/out LAD is __
dx w gram stain and __ of donovan bodies
active hepatitis induces regenerative __ inc chance for genetic mutations
such as in HBV w __ protein that inactivates p53
sower
CRESCENT SHAPED
cerebral atrophy
gait
epidural hematoma
LENTIFORM
PCR/tzank smear/DFA
rod
K granulomatis
biopsy
hyperplasia
HBx
__ is dose req to produce effect
dependent on __ for receptor
measured via __
maximum effect is __
potency
affinity
ED50
efficacy
