Monday Wk 5 Mixed 1 Flashcards
Class 1A antiarrhythmics P, Q, D have intermediate __ blocking activity and some __ channel blocking activity
Class 1C antiarrhythmics P, F are strong __ blockers w slight actions on K channel
Class 1B is L/M/P that shorten AP duration
Gestational diabetes may inc risk of H__
T cells arive in __ zone of thymus as double neg
Beta gene rearrangement occurs w expression of both __/__
in thymus __, alpha genes rearrange to produce fnal TCR
__ selection alows T cells w TCR binding to MHC can survive
occurs in __ epithelial cells
__ is process w TCR w high affinity for self antigen are eliminated
occurs in thymic __ w APC cells
Procainamide, quinidine, disopyramie
Na, K
propafenone, flecainide, Na
Lidocaine, mexelitine, phenytoin
HCM
subcapsular CD4/CD8 cortex Pos thymic cortical Neg selection medulla
__ maturation occurs in germinal center via somatic hypermutation
variabe region is mutated at high rate, producing antibodies w __ affinity for the antigen
TCR DNA rearrangement has joining of A/B protein sigments and interact w CD__/__
inside cells, pos K charge is neutralized by neg charge of __
thus, as K leaves, cell becomes more __
Spleen/Liver have slow movement of blood, thus low O2 levels promote __ of RBC
mature Hb __ undergoes sickling due to hydrophobic interactions, not B globin chains
affinity
high
28/45
anions
negative
sickling
tetramers
CO is __ in CHF
RAAS/SNS is upregulated, thus rise in __ w poor renal perfusion
inc __ promotes fluid retention and inc preload
statins also have anti__ properties to improve endothelial dysfxn and stabilize plaques
biliary excretion of cholesterol will be __ due to dec synthesis
apoB100 is apoprotein in /
transmembrane domain of GPCR made of / AA
alpha helix w R groups anchoring to hydrophobic phosplipid bilayer
heme is made of P__ and iron
dec
PVR
Aldosterone
inflammatory
low
VLDL, LDL
nonpolar/hydrophobic
protoporphyrin 9
EDS is due to deficiency in _ peptidase that cleaves terminal propeptides
soluble collagen does not properly C__
translation of Collagen begins in cytoplasm, and is taken to RER via __ seq
signal sequence cleaved to yield __ chain, w subsequent hydroxylation/glycosylation
C terminal region allows for __ bond formation favoring the triple helix
procollagen then goes through __ to EC space w N/C peptides cleaved, forming tropocollagen
__ then creates cross links for strong fibers
CD15 is cytologic marker that can indicate __ dx
procollagen
crosslink
N terminal hydrophobic Pro alpha chain disulfide Golgi appartus Lysyl oxidase
Hodgkin lymphoma
PN block locates __ posterolaterally and __ posterior and medially
administer shot __ close to ischial spine into Sacrospinous ligament
__/__ run more medially, and are thus at risk of damage
Pudendal is sensory to /
motor to __/__ sphincters
Genitofemoral (L1L2) is sensory to S/L and medial thigh
__ hymen is obstructive lesion w failed degen of central portion of fibrous tissue of vagina
Mucus can accumulate after birth, leading to bulging __
pt presents at puberty w P_ and cyclic/pelvic ab pain due to hematocolpos
SSC is __ w vaginal bulge
ulnar nerve innervates F__
ischial spine, sacrospinous ligament
medially
IGA/IPN
genitals, perineum
urethral/anal
scrotum, labia majora
imperforate
introitus
primary amenorrhea
normal
FCU
Anovulatory cycles lead to no __ prodxn w high estrogen levels
this causes endometrium to be hyper __ w heavy bleeding
CB has thickened __ walls w PMN/lymphatic infiltrates and inc numbers of goblet cells
Extremely high WBC is __ or leukemoid rxn
leukocyte ALP is normal/elevated in __
w CML, look for B/E and myelocytic bulge
AML is assc w __ and inc blasts
most common spore forming bacteria are B__ and C__
found w inadequate __ in hospitals
progesterone
stimulated
bronchial
CML
leukemoid rxn
basophilia/eosinophilia
pancytopenia
bacillus, clostridium
autoclaving
Reperfusion injury is due to __ generation, mitochondrial damage, inflammation attracting __ and activation of complement
GI bleeds bring __ to gut in form of Hb
converted to __ and absorbed into blood/liver
liver is overwhelmed, w accumulation of ammonia impairing __ and glucose metabolism
this leads to inc __ NT and low excitatory NT
can be precipitated by D, H, and electrolyte changes, Infection or shunts
ANOVA rejects __ when 2+ group means are different
Alport syndrome is __ inheritance
see __ loss, ocular abnorms, hematuria, renal insufficiency
ROS, PMN
nitrogen
ammonia
BBB
inhibitory
drugs, hypovolemia,
null hypothesis
XLD
hearing
HER2 aka _ is EGFR glycoprotein w RK activity
overexpression is assc w __ differentiated, rapidly growing tumors
NCC give rise to ganglion cells of Submucosal (M) and myenteric (A) plexus
moves caudally along __ nerve fibers
think Barrett Esophagus w tongues of beefy red mucosa above __ into normal SS epithelium
F\_\_ is a pyrimidine class of antifungals converted to 5FU to stop fungal RNA/protein synthesis mainly used for \_\_ meningitis
ERB B2
poorly
meissner, auerbach
vagus
LES
flucytosine
cryptococcus
marked hepatomegaly w multiple well defined masses is __ LD
outgrow blood and become N/U
solitary mass of right hepatic lobe is __
assc w __ and anabolic steroids
PVC, Arsenic, thorotrast inc risk for __
__ is liver neoplasm in kids w FAP/BWS
C__ is malignancy of intra/extrahepatic bile ducts
grows along __ w extensive hepatic metastasis
focal renal tubular epithelial necrosis occurs in __
metastatic
necrotic/ulcerated
hepatic adenoma
OCP
hepatic angiosarcoma
hepatoblastoma
cholangiocarcinoma
biliary system
ATN
PBC is autoimmune dz w destruction of small/midsized intrahepatic __
see patchy __ infiltration w destrxn of intrahepatic ducts
look for granulomas and __ staining
histology is identical to __
pt w staring spells and new GTC seizures has juvenile __ epilepsy
use E/V for tx
bile ducts
lymphocytic
bile
GVHD
absence
ethosuximide, valproate
focal seizure occurs in _ hemi
can be __ w no lost conciousness, and single motor/sensory/autonomic/__ sx
C__ has post ictal state and automatisms
tx w __ spectrum anticonvulsants P, P, C, G
Generalized occur in __ hemis
__ has lost conciousness/post ictal state w diffuse muscle jerking and rhythmic jerking
__ has no lost conciousness but has jerky movements
__ has brief loss of conciousness w out postictal state
tx w __ spectrum AC L/L/T/V
1 simple psychic comlex narrow phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, Gabapentin
2 TC myoclonic absence broad lamontrigine, levetiracetem, topiramate, valproate
