Wed Wk 5 Mixed 3 Flashcards

1
Q

primary adrenal insuficiency is most likely __ cx to all 3 zones of AC
ACTH does not __ cortisol
since GC inc insulin resistance and are low, less __ is req
leads to nongap MA w loss of __ and retained Cl
release of __ further exacerbates hyponatremia

Tertiary adrenal insuffiency has adrenal gland that will respond to __ w high aldo levels

MW syndrome due to inc Intraab/intraluminal __
assc w A and __ hernia

Inc venous pressure assc w life threatening __ from esophageal varices

missense/nonsense mutations only cause discrepancy in __ thus not seen in RTPCR

A
AI
release
insulin
HCO3
ADH

AT2

pressure
alcoholism, hiatal

hemorrage

protein

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2
Q

GTO are at jxn of muscle/tendon and innervated by group __ sensory axons
connected in series to __ skeletal muscle fibers
contration sends tension through __ that is insensitive to length bc it is located in __
contact __ interneurons in spinal cord, which synapse A motor neurons of muscle
acts as __ feedback to stop muscle tension

A delta fibers are thin, myelinated fibers for /
constitute __ portion of withdrawal from noxious stimuli

Muscle spinds are in __ muscle fibers
innervated by group 1a and __ axons and are sensitive to change muscle length
mediate _ reflex that activates a motor neuron to restist stretch

Pacinian corpuscles are __ adapting mechanoreceptors of subq tissue in S/M/P/joint
Ruffini is _ adapting mechanoreceptors
mediate touch/prop and __ via A beta fibers

A
1b
extrafusal
spinal cord
tendon
inhibitory
negative

pain/temperature
affarent

intrafusal
2
myotactic

rapid
slow
vibration

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3
Q

muscle spindles monitor/maintain muscle __
GTO monitors/maintains musce __

Z is lipooxygenase inhib

abundance of ATP inhibits __ of TCA, thus citrate becomes acetyl coa
this upregulates acetyl coa __ to produce malonyl coa and begin FA __
B oxidation of FA occurs in mito __
requires __ for FA transport, but is inhibited by high malonyl coa

__ is febrile illness w rash, encephalitis and flaccid paralysis
transmitted by female __ mosquito
look for __ to dx

think __ carcinoma in pt w hematuria and rubber/leather/plastics/textile exposure

tx hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism w pulsatile _
loss dominant __ in urine, surge in urine LH and inc serum P/BBT indicate __

A

length
force

ziluteon

Isocitrate dehydrogenase
carboxylase
synthesis
matrix
carnitine

WNV
Culex
antibodies

transitional cell

GnRH
follicle
ovulation

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4
Q

ETEC must colonize __ via pili
toxins are __ encoded

__ forms stacked brick intestinal adhesion in mucosa

Loop diuretics also stimulate __ to inc GFR/drug delivery

N__ is recomb BNP used in HF

invariant region of MHC class 2 directs it to \_\_ for processing and is released upon fusion w acidic phagolysosomes
this aids in loading \_\_ onto MHC class 2
they can now interact w \_\_ on T cells

large VSD results in high volume __ across defect, w soft murmur
smaller defects have small movement of __ thus loud murmur
inc afterload causes more flow across __ thus accentuating the murmur

A

SI
phage

EAEC

nesiritide

Golgi
antigen
TCR

shunt
blood
shunt

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5
Q

left renal vein is __ in pressure than right due to compression by aorta/sma
crosses aorta just __ sma
can lead to H, P, and V

dec in intravascular volume in MCD leads to inc release of __

Serotonin produced by __ nuclei in brainstem
Caudate nucleus may release __
locus ceruleus in dorsal pons secretes __

w/in 4 days of MI, __/__ pericarditis can develop in area of necrosis
disappears w __ use

Dressler syndrome pericarditis is __ inflamed

HepB has nucleocapsid core of __ w outer envelope of __
partial ds circular DNA is transcribed to __ then translated/RT into DNA

A

higher
beneath
hematuria, pain, varicocele

aldosterone

raphe
GABA
NE

fibrinous/serofibrinous
NSAIDs

diffusely

HBcAg
HBsAg
mRNA

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6
Q

C botulinum is __ FORMING ANAEROBIC BACTERIA
intracellular GRANULES is __

GC inc G/G and lipolysis, thus antagonizing __
inhibit __ prolif/collagen formation in skin
results in thinning and __
also inhibit __ fxn to cause osteoprorosis

femoral hernias occur in __
lateral to pubic tubercle, medial to __/__
smaller canal means I/S can occur w ischemia/necrosis

Pectineal/cooper fasicia is posterior to __ canal
__ fascia is posterior to inguinal canal
ROUND LIGAMENT is like __ in men

neurofibromas are composed of __ cells from NCC

A

spore
Diptheria

gluco, glycogenesis, insulin
fibroblast
striae
osteoblast

femoral canal
Femoral artery/vein
strangulation, incarceration

femoral
tranversalis
spermatic cord

schwann

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7
Q

GI sx, neuro sx, and anemia should be __ exposure
look for inc venous __ and inc serum _ protoporphyrin
__ ON PERIPHERAL SMEAR
__ on BONE MARROW
may have __/__ drop w PN

HJ bodies indicate poor __ fxn

drug induced liver failure due to __
see __ pattern of injury just like fulminant hepatitis
liver appears __
due to __ rxn w immune mediated attack
look for high __ and __ time, leukocytosis and eosinophilia

__ cyst is midline neckmass that moves superior upon swallowing
thyroid formed from pharyngeal __ at base of tongue
descends w __ duct, and if it fails to atrophy, can have mass

A
lead
lead, Zn
basophilic stippling
Ringed sideroblasts
wrist/foot

spleen

inhaled anesthetics
hepatocellular
small
hypersensitivity
ALT, prothrombin 

thyroglossal duct
epithelium
thyroglossal

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8
Q

lateral neck mass over SCM muscle is __ cyst
__ cyst is midline but does not move superiorly upon swallowing
consist of __ structures like hair/sebaceous glands

E_ is fusion protein of Fc region of IgG1 and TNFR2

initial change from colon mucosa to small adenoma is __ to inc B catenin
__ mutation results in malignancy

hospice care req prog of less than __ m w irreversible decline

Phenytoin leads to __ defect, orofacial cleft, microcephaly and __/__ hypoplasia
Lithium leads to Ebstein and __ or hypothyroid
Isotretinoin leads to M, and thymic hypoplasia, w H__ and small ears
MTX leads to __/__ abnorms and abortion
Warfarin leads to __ hypoplasia and STIPPLED EPIPHYSIS

A

branchial cleft
dermoid
cutaneous

etanercept

APC
tp53

6

NT, nail/digit
NDI
microcephaly, hydrocephalus
limb/craniofacial
nasal
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9
Q

fixed, predetermined fee for all medical expenses is __
found in __ plan
see __ first, must have __ for specialist and can deny tx
Discounted fee for service pays prearranged __ rate
__ payment covers all cost for care (think elective surgery)
POS must see __ first for referral, but can see doc out of network

segmental, transmural necrotizing inflam of M/S arteries is __
spares __
may have bead like aneurysm and livedo __ or palpable purpura

chronic lymphedema is RF for cutaneous __ aka Stewart Treves syndrome
usually due to radical __ w axillary LN dissection
see __ infiltration w abnormal vasc spaces

A
capitation
HMO
PC, referral
discounted
Global
PC

PAN
pulmonary system
reticularis

angiosarcoma
mastectomy

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10
Q

Meglinitides bind to ATP Dep K channel which is a membrane __ channel for Ca
similar to SFU but have shorter __ thus req more freq dosing

GLP1 is secreted by __ cells of intestine to activate GPCR-AC system

carbs are only absorbed as

ubiquitin attaches __ molecules before ATP mediated destruction
failure may lead to __ syndromes like PD/AD
mutations in P/P/D genes may impair protein folding/aggregation/traffic
leads to AR form of __ less than 50

RARA is needed for __ differentiation
APL may be assc w _

ALL w __ suggests good prog
Burkitt lymphoma mutations __, __, __ w cmyc

A

ion
half life

L
monosaccharides

4
neurodeg
parkin, pink1, DJ1
parkinsons

myeloblast
DIC

CD10
8, 14
2, 8
8, 22

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11
Q

after 18hrs, __ is depleted and gluco kicks in
body switches to __ synthesis to salvage proteins
converted to __ in mitochondria for energy

__ cannot use KB because it has no mito
__ cannot use KB bc it cannot form acetyl coa from KB

A

glycogen
ketone body
acetyl coa

RBC
liver

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