Thurs Wk 4 Mixed Flashcards

1
Q

IC pt w fever, HA, resp sx w pulm cavity/nodules and gram pos branching rod has N__
catalse __ beaded filaments
common presentation is __ abscess
tx w __

A__ is more likely to be cervical/abdominal dz w sulfur granules

Aspergillus appears like septate H__ hyphae

Acquired QT prolongation due to class __/__ antiarrhymics, antibiotics like M/F, methadone and H__

Digoxin __ AP duration w QT interval shortening

A

nocardia
positive
CNS
TMP-SMX

actinomyces

hyaline

1A, 3
macrolides, fluoroquinolones, haloperidol

dec

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2
Q

polyhydramnios can lead to uterine __ OoP to gestational age
inc risk of preterm __ and placental abruption
caused by dec fetal __ such as GI obs or anencephaly
or inc fetal urination like __

dx PCD w low nasal __

IUS is under ___ control to constrict/prevent uterine leakage
EUS is innvervated by __ nerve

uterosacral ligaments hold uterus/vaginal apex to __
weakening results in P__

obese, pregnant, pelvic surgery women at risk for __ injury
normally holds bladder/uretrhra in place, so damage results in __ and stress incontinence

A

enlargement
labor
swallowing
high output cardiac failure

NO

SNS
pudendal

sacrum
prolapse

pelvic floor
hypermobility

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3
Q

pt w previous __ dz (subclinical or acute self limited illness) may have aversion to smoking

VB12 is needed for __ mutase to convert MMCoa to Succinyl CoA
and Methionine synthase to convert __/FA to methionine
elevated levels of MMA disrupt __ synthesis w subacute combined degen affecting dorsal column and __ CS tract

Glutathione reductase req _ and _ as cofactors to reduce disulfide bonds

A

HAV

MMCoa
homocysteine
myelin
lateral

FAD, NADPH

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4
Q

MCC of bloody nipple discharge is intraductal __
no assc M__ or skin findings
seen w proliferation of __ cells w fibrovascular core
twisting of stalk in duct leads to __

diffuse small breast cysts and cyclic breast pain w/out discharge is __ change

localized breast trauma w irregular breast mass and no discharge is __ necrosis
see hemorrhage and __ necrosis

F__ are proliferation of breast stroma compressing ducts to slits

A

papilloma
mass
papillary
bloody discharge

fibrocystic

fat
liquefactive

fibroadenoma

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5
Q

HCV variability due to mutations in __ genomic regions of envelope glycoproteins

HPV strains __ lead to verruca vulgaris

Eye findings then __ and finally confusion/encephalopathy in WK syndrome

VIPoma causes inc __/__ sec and binding to intestinal epithelial cells
inhibits __ secretion
AC is activated, resulting in __ watery diarrhea
tx w Somatostatin like O__

CCK inc sec of __ enzymes and gallbladder contraction
dec gastric __
produced by __ of proximal small bowel w fat/AA

A

hypervariable

1-4

ataxia

Cl, HCO3
GA
secretory
octreotide

panc
emptying
I cells

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6
Q
ANP dilates \_\_ to inc GFR
limits \_\_ reabsorption and dec renin
dec release of \_\_ by adrenal gland
inc capillary \_\_ and relaxes vascular \_\_
Neprilysin inhib S

communicating hydrocele occurs when processes vaginalis is __
__ sperm fascia overlies spermatic cord
derived from __ fascia
Cremasteric fascia comes from __ muscle
External spermatic fascia comes from __ muscle

A
AA
Na
aldosterone
permeability, smooth muscle
sacubitril
patent
internal
transversalis
internal oblique
external oblique
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7
Q

D__ is opioid antidiarrheal that binds to mu receptor to slow motility
can produce euphoria in high doses, so given alongside __ to combat
simiar to L__ in tx watery diarrhea

damage to throwing arm is __ dislocation of glenohumeral joint
flattens __ promience, protrudes __, w anterior axillary fullness

HA, impaired conc, Cushing triad of H__, B__ and B__ has inc IC pressure involving temporal lobe
can lead to transtentorial herniation of uncus and compress CN _
may impair __ reflex
leads to De__ posturing then decerebrate

Nystagmus occurs w damage to P, M, C

A

diphenoxylate
atropine
loperamide

anterior
deltoid, acromion

HTN, bradycardia, bradypnea
3
vestibuloocular
corticate

pons, medulla, cerebellum

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8
Q

Hematogenous osteomyelitis affects the __ of long bones (children)
due to _ flowing sinusoid blood flow
seeding event in boney space inc pressure compromising blood flow and forcing bacteria into __ channels
can lead to suppurative osteomyeltis and create a __ bone

aldose reductase converts glucose to _
or galactose to __

reactive arthritis damage is caused by I__

blood pumped forward/backward in MR is due to __ of each pathway
dec __ inc forward ejection, so use N__ as tx

A

METAPHYSIS
slow
vascular
necrotic

sorbitol
galactitol

immune complexes

resistance
SVR
nitroprusside

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9
Q

influenza attacks TB epithelium to cause loss of __
also cleaves sialic acid of __ resulting in free sugar in RT for bacterial ___

B cells migrate to LN __ to form germinal center for prolifeation
some become __ cells and remain dormant in LN until next antigen encounter
or form antibody secreting __
primary site of __ switching, mediated by CD40/CD40L interaction and prodxn of _

Central tolerance occurs w __ selection
Peripheral tolerance occurs w T cell __

VDJ/VJ recomb occurs in __ during maturation
affinity maturation occurs in __ via somatic hypermutation

A

cilia
glycoproteins
colonization

cortex
memory
plasma cells
isotype
cytokines

negative
anergy

bone marrow
germinal centers

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10
Q

hydroxyurea INC SYNTHESIS of
Ca dependent __ K channel transports water/K in RBC membrane
when blocked, water is retained, and dehydration is PREVENTED from causing sickling

Neprilysin cleaves __ peptides, G, O, B

pt w CAD, HF, and HTN needs B__

Polymixin binds and interferes w __ of cytoplasmic membrane

A

HbF
GARDOS
polymerization

natriuretic, glucagon, oxytocin, bradykinin

BB

permeability

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11
Q

21 hydroxylase def
Classic salt wasting
boys- at 1-2 wks have __ and FtT w dehydration
Girls have __ genitalia

classic, nonsalt wasting
Girls have __ genitalia
Boys present at 2-4 w early __

nonclassic delayed
Girls have A, H, and menstrual probs
Boys have premautre __

tx w exogenous __ to stop ACTH release
this leads to dec __prodxn by adrenal cortex

A

hyperkalemia, hypoTN
ambig

ambig
virilization

acne, hirsutism
puberty

GC
androgen

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12
Q

SE of CA inhibs S, P and urine alkaliniztion
met __ and dehydration

meconium ileus and distal ileal obs is seen in __
biliary c__ is also a comp
may lead to osteopenia and K__

recurrent PNA in same site w extra tissue outside the lungs is bronchopulmonary S__

nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of intestine is seen in __

A

somnolence, paresthesias
acidosis

CF
cirrhosis
kyphoscoliosis

sequestration

CVID

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