Wed Wk 4 Mixed 1 Flashcards
defect in 1st/2nd pharyngeal arches is __ syndrome
see cranio__ abnorms and hearing problems
1st arch is __ nerve
includes bones of M, Z, M, I, M
muscules of __
2nd arch is __ nerve
bones of L, __ process of temporal bone, S
muscles of __
Greater horn of hyoid is __ arch
Treacher Collins
facial
trigeminal
maxilla, zygoma, malleus, incus, mandible
mastication
facial
lesser horn of hyoid, sytolid, stapes
facial expression
3rd
MS results in focal __
Helper t cells react w __ antigens to activate CD8
also form myelin __ w oligodendrocyte depletion
similar presentation to MS w severe HA and systemic sx indicates __
polydactyly/renal defect/cutis aplasia/rocker bottom feet is __
micrognathia w prominent occiput, clenched hands, limited hip abduction has __ syndrome
demyelination
myelin
antibodies
vasculitis
Patau
Edwards
type 3 HS rxn damage due to __ recruitment
COX1 is important in __ prodxn via PG
COX2 may produce __ leading to anticoag
thus, w blockade leads to __ sx
nonspecific COX inhibs D, F, I, I, K, P
Biotin necessary in Pyruvate, Acetyl coa, and propionyl coa __
occurs in G__, FA __/__
def leads to D__ changes and metabolic acidosis
Pyruvate dehydro converts pyruvate to __
uses T, R, N, P, L
PMN
platelet
prostacyclin I2
thrombotic
diclofenac, fenoprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketorolac, piroxicam
carboxylase
gluco, synthesis, oxidation
dermatologic
acetyl coa
thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, lipoic acid
__ band is myosin/actin overlapping
stays same in muscle __
__ line at center anchors myosin
anterior cerebral artery supplies _ region of hemi
MCA supplies __ brain region
can result in __ aphasia
in phase 4 of cardiac pacemaker cells __ type Ca channels open to inc MP
as it gets to a certain point, __ type Ca channels open w phase 0
Adenosine activates __ receptors to inc K conductance
inhibits L type _ channels to prolong depolarization
also occurs w A__
A
contraction
M
anterior
lateral
Broca
T type
L type
acetylcholine
LE claudication in adolescents is __ of aorta
__ virus is DNA polyomavirus causing nephropathy post transplant
potentially hemorrhagic __
hyperthermia, lead pope rigidity, autonimc instability and AMS is __ syndomre
reflexes should be __
hyperreflexia/clonus should indicate __ syndrome
__ nerve innervates gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
medial aspect of foot innervated by __ nerve
coarctation
BK
cystitis
Neuroleptic malignant
dec
Serotonin
tibial
superfiical peroneal
__ tics include cough, grunting, throat clearing (anything that makes noise)
tx Tourette syndrome w anti__
Alpha 2 __ and behavioral therapy
Stapedius muscle arises from tympanic cavity and inserts on __
paralysis of stapedius ie damage, leads to stapes oscillating __ w hyperacusis
inc sensitivity to everyday __
TT arises from auditory tube and inserts on __
contracts TM to inc __ and dampen sound transmission
vocal
psychotics
agonists
stapes
widely
sounds
malleus
tension
Conus medullaris is lesion at __
__ paralysis of bladder/rectum, impotence and saddle anesthesia
CES results in low back __ and loss of anocutaneous/ankle reflex
can damage S1- S__
A__ converts androstenedione to estrone and T to estradiol
AR def leads to maternal __
females have normal __ genitalia and male external genitalia
__ def presents w inc MC but low testosterone/androgens
L2
flaccid
pain
5
aromatase
virilization
internal
17A hydroxylase
PCP is NMDA receptor __
secondary action __ reuptake of NE, DOPA, serotonin
look for ataxia, __/__ nystgmus and disorientation
PDB due to in __/__ activation
mixed woven/lamellar bone seen in __ phase
mosaic lamellar pattern of bone w prominent cement lines seen in _ phase
can have HO CF due to inc endothelial/fibroblast proliferation and release of cytokines by __
antagonist
blocks
horizontal/vertical
RANK, NFkB
mixed
osteroblastic
OC
GI irritation results in inc __ release to stimulate vomiting
uses __ nerve
P__ lipid soluble BB can reduce peripheral __ of T4/T3
inhibits 5’M__
airway resistance is greatest in __ resp tract
resistance is high in T/M bronchi, but becomes higher in subsequent generations due to __ airflow
large CSA of __ bronchioles has lowest resistance
serotonin
vagus
propanolol
monodeiodinase
upper
trachea, mainstem
turbulent
terminal
regional heart wall motion abnormality seen in __ HD
lipoatrophy is loss of __ from face, extremities, butt
usually due to __ RTI and protease inhibs
V__ is anti-BRAF
BRAF may be assc w G
Adenamatous polyps contain __ mucosa
Adenoma to carcinoma seq occurs w __ mutation 1st
inc activity of __ has been assc, due to inc PG prodxn
ischemic
fat
nucleoside
vemurafenib
glioblastoma
dysplastic
APC
COX2
pyloric stenosis has hypertrophy of pyloric M__
polyp w glands is __
villous has __ appearance
__ is tumor supressor to start Adenoma-carcinoma seq
followed by K/D protooncogenes w unreg cell grwoth and avoidance of __
then mutation in __ tumor supressor
Gonadotroph/prolactinomas in men likely to be __ w mass effect
muscularis mucosae
tubular
stalk
APC
KRAS, DCC
apoptosis
p53
nonfunctioning
F\_\_ syndrome is resorptive defect in PCT inc \_\_ of AA, G, HCO3 may see metabolic \_\_ can be Hereditary like W\_\_ dz, T\_\_ GSD or due to I, MM, drugs, \_\_ poisoning
Barter syndrome- reabsorptibe defect in __
results in hypo__ and met alk w hypercalciuria
think __ diuretic
inheritance is __
Gitelman syndrome- defect in __
hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, met alk and hypo__uria
think __ diuretic
autosomal __ and less severe than BS
fanconi aa, excretion acidosis wilson, tyrosinemia ischemia, lead
TAL LoH
kalemia
loop
AR
DCT
calcium
recessive
Liddle syndrome- GoF mutation that inc Na reabsorption in \_\_ HTN, hypokalemia, met alkalosis w low \_\_ presents like hyper\_\_ inheritance is \_\_ tx w A\_\_
Syndrome of Apparent MC Excess is def of 11B hydroxysteroid __
normally converts cortisol to __
inc cortsiol inc MC receptor resulting in HTN, hypo__ and met alk
aldo is __
can be acquired from glycyrrhetinic __ in licorice
Tx w exogenous __ to dec endo prodxn
cortical collecting duct aldosterone hyperaldosterone AD amiloride
dehydrogenase cortisone kalemia low acid GC
