Friday Wk 6 Mixed Flashcards

1
Q

increases in intravascular volume expansion and wall stretch lead to release of / from atria/ventricles
these activate __
promote affarent glomerular __ and EA constriction to inc GFR

aldosterone promotes __ secretion leading to metabolic alkalosis

women of childbearing age at inc risk of __
esp in __ as they have higher iron requirements
dec bone marrow iron __
then dec serum __ w inc TIBC/transferrin
dec serum __ and Hb
appearance of __ RBC
transferrin SATURATION is __

thalassemias have low Hb but normal / levels
low Hb with high ferritin/low TIBC indicates __

Fibrates inhibit __ the RLS of BILE ACID SYNTHESIS
__ upregulates HMG CoA reductase

A

ANP/BNP
cGMP release
vasodilation

H

iron deficiency
young girls
stores
ferritin
iron
M/H
low

ferritin/transferrin

ACD

7 a hydroxylase
Estrogen

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2
Q

In MM plot, __ is speed at which rxn occurs when enzyme active sites are completely bound w substrate
__ is substrate conc at which half of enzyme binding sites are bound
competitive inhibs __ Km while leaving Vmax unchanged
noncomp inhibs bind at __ site to dec rate of rxn but not Km

glucose undergoes __ transport to enter a cell
no energy is used thus termed __
stereoselective for __ form

receptor mediated endocytosis carries cells through __ vesicles
ex is __

active transport occurs __ conc gradient
can be __ due to cotransport

A

Vmax
Km
INCREASE
ALLOSTERIC

receptor mediated
facilitated diffusion
D glucose

clathrin coated
cholesterol

against
secondary

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3
Q

neuritic plaques are composed of __ core w surrounding neurites
neurofibrillary tangles composed of __

__ dementia has attention deficits, visual hallucinations, spontaneous parkinsonism
see LB composed of __

alcohol acts on __ receptors
chronic use __ these receptors
also weakly inhibits __ receptors, thus become upregulated w alcoholism
mild withdrawal presents w T, a, i, d, p, GI upset
seziures from - hrs
alcoholic hallcunosis w V/A/T sensations, stable vitals
finally __ develops w agitation, tachycardia, HTN, diaphoresis, HALLUCINATION

A

A beta amyloid
tau

Lewy Body
alpha synuclein

GABAA
downregulates
NMDA
TREMORS, anxiety, insomnia, diaphoresis, palpitations
12-48hrs
visual, auditory, tactile
Delirium tremens
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4
Q

__ is classical complement component that releases cataylytic factors
must be bound to specific __ of 2 IgG/IgM near hinge
only occurs in IgM w conformation change after __ binding to pentamere

RBC fragments, burr/helmet cells all indicate __ or mechanical damage
MHA has _ platelet count

Think C diff after C/F/P/C
toxins inactivate __ regulatory proteins in signal transduction/actin cytoskeleton
disrupt __ w inc paracellular fluid secretion

loss of cell membrane integrity seen w /

addtl tx for malaria is A/P or arteminisin

Esophageal varicies connect __ vein to esophageal vein
anorectal varices connect __ to M/I rectal veins
caput medusae is __ veins w S/I epigastric veins

A

C1
Fc region
antigen

MHA
LOW

clindamycin, fluoro, penicillin, cephalosporin
Rho
Tight jxns

C perfringens, Pseudo

Atovaquone, proguanil

left gastric
superior
paraumbiical

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5
Q

portal HTN is resistance to flow at hepatic __

WPW due to AV __ pathway
connects atria to __ allowing electrical impulses to bypass the AV node
leads to ventricular __

cardiac myocyte deg below AV node is __ w slow HR
wandering atrial pacemaker/ectopic atrial foci replace __ as dominant pacemaker
Atrial flutter is reentrant circuit around ___

can use __ for acute cholecystitis w inconclusive US
radiotracer admin IV to go to __ and excreted to bile
if pt does not have patent __, gallbladder will not be seen

A

sinusoids

reentrant
ventricles
prexcitation

conduction block
SA node
TRICUSPID ANULUS

radionucleide scan
liver
cystic duct

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6
Q

__ is MCC of hydatid cysts
in endemic regions or SW US w / to participate in tapeworm lifecycle
usually affects __
can be unilocular or multilocular (E __)
larva plant in __ w rxn activating monos/eosin
leads to encapsulated, eggshell calcified __
outer wall has __ sheets w fibrous capsule
can tx w A or surgery
cyst manipulation can lead to _ as contents spill

to swalow, food is pushed into pharyn w contraction of __ muscles
__ muscle contracts behind food to initiate peristaltic wave
LES then __ to allow food entry

__ has lack of inhib cells
see dec amplitude of peristalsis at __ and inc tone/incomplete relaxation at LES
w sclerosis, see dec __ and tone of LES

A
echinococcus granulosis
sheep/dog
liver
multilocularis
capillaries
cysts
gelatinous
albendazole
anaphylactic shock

pharyngeal
cricopharyngeus
relaxes

achalasia
mid esopagus

peristalsis

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7
Q

incomplete relaxation at UES is __ dysfxn
look for food __ and choking
Diffuse esophageal spasm has intermittent peristalsis and simultaneous __

measure __ at beginning of statin therapy and not again

to prevent __ bias, measure mortality rate bw patient groups

radioactive iodine is also taken up at __
give __ to compete and prevent absorption
large iodide levels also inhibit __ and reduce thyroid hormone release
can also use P/P

C__ is low potency D2 antag

A

cricopharyngeal
sticking
contractions

LFT

LEAD TIME

Na-I symporter
KI
organification
perchlorate/pertechnecate

chlorpromazine

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8
Q

SE of Class 1C antiarrhythmics include __
Metoprolol/Verapamil can cause B and AV block
Verapamil leads to C and dec ventricular contractility

Amiodarone SE include B, H/T tox, __ discoloration and PF
Adenosine SE include __ w bronchospasm and high grad AV block

PROSTATE IS JUST ANTERIOR TO __ and posterior to pubic symphysis

__ arises from C3-C5
irritation leads to SOB, H and should pain
may see elevation of __ xray w upward movement

SCLC can lead to __ w HA and facial/UE edema

A

ventricular arrhythmias
bradycardia
constipation

bradycardia, hepatic, THYROID, skin
hypoTN, flushing

ANAL CANAL

Phrenic nerve
hemidiaphragm

SVC syndrome

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9
Q

Papillary carcinoma has large __ nuclei w fine crhomatin
usually seen _ nuclei w empty appearance
intranuclear / w invagination
__ bodies also seen

pleomorphic, giant cells w spindle cells is __

benign thyroid nodules are filled w __
MTC has polygonal/__ shaped cells w granular cytoplasm
stains for _ and extracellular amyloid deposits

damage to dorsal column, lateral CS tract w axonal degen of PN is __ def
damage to dorsal horn/dorsal roots is __
no _ involvement
complete occlusion of ASA leads to loss of __ below lesion and pain/temp
__ sense is preserved

A

overlapping
Orphan annie eye
inclusion/grooves
psamomma

Anaplastic thyroid cancer

colloid
spindle
calcitonin

B12
tabes dorsalis
LATERAL CS tract
strength
position
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10
Q

Sudden cardiac death in pt w HCM due to __
patchy fibrosis of mural endocardium is __ HD
see discrete scars and V__

__ is mc presenting sx of postprocedure atheroembolism
also may involve /
other sx include __ toe and LR

Psoriasis has __/__ response w release of GF
keratinocyte __ and inflammation/angiogenesis
can use VD analogs C, C, T to inhibit proliferation
and tigger differentation

__ is structure in basal ganglia inferior to thalamus
damage excites __ to inhibit thalamus
results in contralateral __ w flinging movement
usually due to longstanding / and lacunar stroke

jerky movements triggered by __ nucleus

damage to IC causes contralateral __ motor/snsory deficits

A

Ventricular fibrillation
Ischemic
vacuolization

AKI
GI tract, CNS
blue

TH1/TH17
proliferation
calcipotriene, calcitriol, tacaltriol

subthalamic nucleus
GPI
HEMIBALLISM
HTN/DM

CAUDATE

pure

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11
Q

damage to VPLN/VPMN of thalamus leads to contralateral __ loss
__ syndrome is contralateral burning/stabbing pain

sheets of primitive cells w abundant mitotic figures in cerebellum is __
scant __ w deep staining nucleus
see __ w morning HA/V

__ has PILOCYTIC ASTROCYTES and rosenthal fibers
much better __ than medulloblastoma

rosettes w impaired CSF flow indicates __

CD produces bloody diarrhea if __ is involved
rectum is __ and intestines have ulcers
think __ w pseudopolyps
Mesenteric adenitis is due to __ called Pseudoappendicits

A

sensory
thalamic

medulloblastoma
cytoplasm
ataxia

PILOCYTIC ASTROCYTOMA
PROGNOSIS

ependymoma

colon
spared
UC
yersinia

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12
Q

VB12/VE deficiencies present like __

Babesiosis ha anemia, thrombocytopenia and __

baby liver cannot use __ efficiently
__ is low in VK
sx include intracranial __ w bleeding of GI, surgical sites

A

Friedrich ataxia

inc LFTs

VK
breast milk
hemorrhage

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