Friday Wk 6 Mixed 1 Flashcards

1
Q

shigellosis is due to __ form
has specificity for __ cells at base of villi in Peyer patch
penetrates via __ and lyses endosome
leads to ulceration of mucosa w bloody/mucoid __
inhibits absorption of __
Paneth cells occur in crypts to protect against __
secrete L/D

robertsonian translocations occur from parent w __ translocation
other gamete carries __ copies of chromo 21 which leads to miscarriages

MHC class 1 has single heavy chain and __
comes from antigens processed in __
leads to __

MHC class 2 has _/_ PP chains
antigens phagocytosed/digested by _ to bind MHC class 2
activates \_\_ cells to stimulate H/CM immunity
A
Sonnei
Microfold M 
endocytosis
diarrhea
water
microorgs
lysozyme and defensins

balanced
0 copies

B2 microglobulin
cytoplasm
apoptosis

Alpha/beta
lysosomes
TH

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2
Q

intrathoracic pressure drops during __ allowing inc venous return
but PV are overloaded, thus LV preload __

PR murmur is __ that is high pitched/blowing
heard best at left / IS

use __ in AMI to dec HR, CO and O2 demand
contraindicated w brady__ or heart block, hypoTN and pulm edema
avoid noncardioselective BB like P, N in pt w COPD
cardioselective BB include M, A, N, B
or B1/A1 blockers C/L

Derlium is A w impaired \_\_
course F\_\_ and is reversible
memory impairment is \_\_
assc w D, P, prior stroke, age
look for I, D, E/M problems, CNS damage

Dementia is G__ w intact conciousness
course is __ and irreversible
remote memory is __
think __ dementia w multiple cortical/subcortical infarcts

think __ w impaired focus/concentration

A

inspiration
decreases

diastolic
2/3

Beta blocker
cardia
Propanolol, nadolo
metoprolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, nebivolol
Carvedilol, labetalol

acute, conciousnes
fluctuates, global
dementia, PD
infectin, drugs, electrolyte/metabolic

gradual
progressive
intact
VASCULAR

MD

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3
Q

__ bias is misclassification due to prior knowledge
when outcomes are __

inspiratory __ w SOB and thumbprint sign is Epiglottitis
capsule binds __ to prevent complement deposition
Strep pyo M protein also binds __ to stop alternative complement

_ in TB prevents phagocytosis to allow granuloma formation

progressive __ of liver vasculature causes Portal HTN
high pressure in S, P, S veins
release of __ agents dilates splanchnic arteries w hepatic vasoconstriction
kidneys sense dec perfusion from _ syndrome and retain Na/water for ascitic fluid
thus, tx w dec Na and F/S

A

observer
subjective

stridor
Factor H
Factor H

trehalose dimycolate

fibrosis
SM, portal, splenic
vasoactive
hepatorenal
furosemide, spironolactone
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4
Q

varicose veins due to high _ pressure in SUPERFICIAL veins
w dilation, venous valves __ w venous HTN
comps include E, S, U
pain is worse w __

massive DVT can lead to impaired arterial flow aka __
leg appears enlarged and __

blood supply to femoral head comes from _ artery
ligamentum teres from __ artery supplies femoral head in KIDS

HepE spread is __
detect HEV Ag, HEV RNA in __

Infant botulinum consumes __ that germinate to produce toxin
infant botulinum begins w __ then weakness, lethargy, paralysis, dec gag/crying
baby can appear __
adult form is more severe w ingestion of __ toxin
look for toxin in stool via /

A

intraluminal
fail
edema, stasis dermatitis, ulceration
standing

phlegmasia
white

MEDIAL CIRCUMFLEX
obturator

fecal oral
stool

SPORES
constipation
floppy
PREFORMED
PCR/ELISA
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5
Q

PV other sx include peptic ulcer disease due to impaired BF as a result of __
or __ arthritis due to cell turnover
all cell lines __ w low EPO
due to inc transduction of __ from cytoplasmic JAK2 TK

TZD bind PPARG and cause it to form __ w retinoid X receptor
GLP1 is released by intestinal _ cells
act though __ receptor

M/H anemia w normal Hb is \_\_
HbA2 is \_\_ 
due to abnorms in \_\_ fxn
may have \_\_ probs or chain termination, mutation preventing \_\_ binding promoter
dec B chains leads to higher _/_

protein folding defect is seen in __

A

viscosity
GOUTY
high
growth factors

heterodimerize
L cells
cAMP-GPCR

B thalassemia
HIGH
mRNA
splcing, RNA poly
HbA2/HbF

A1AT

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6
Q

aromatase in __ cells converts androgens to E2
theca externa is made of / cells

macrosomia is wt greater than __
due to high insulin stimulating __ deposition
other comps include P, H

Dermatomyositis is paraneoplastic of O, L, C, N

INO is disorder of conjugate __ gaze
frontal eyefield projects to contralateral PARAMEDIAN __ RETICULAR FORMATION
sends efferents to CN _ at facial colliculus
CN 6 projects to ipsi __ muscle and contra __ subnucleus

unilateral lesion can occur w lacunar stroke to __ artery
impairs adduction of __ eye
CONVERGENCE IS/PLR __

parinaud syndrome is __ gaze palsy, absent _/__

A

granulosa
SM/fibroblast

4kg
fat
PV, HCM

ovarian, lung, colorectal, NHL

horizontal
PONTINE
6
lateral rectus
medial rectus

potine
IPSI
INTACT

upward, PLR, accomodation

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7
Q

legionella is intracellular faintly stain _ bacteria, so gram stain only shows neutrophils
use __ antigen and BCYE to produce organism

tic douloreux pain is in CN / distribution
tx w __ to block recovery of Na channels from inactivation
major SE is __

T/T are A1 adrenergic antags
relax smooth muscle in B/P/P
Tamsulosin is more __
useful to control __ obstruction

SE of 5AR inhibs is dec __ and erection

antimuscarinics like T tx overactive bladder

mycolic acid in Tb is necessary for __ structure and virulence factors
this allows for acid fastness to retain __ dye and resist decoloration by alcohol

A

gram negative
urine

CN V2/V3
carbamazepine
Aplastic anemia

tamsulosin, terasozin
bladder neck, prostate capsule, prostatic urethra
specific
dynamic

libido

tolterodine

cell wall
carbolfuschin

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8
Q

early DM has normal glucose __ due to inc insulin secretion
__ is stored in insulin secretory granules and secreted w insulin
deposits can be seen in __
HLA / is seen w T1DM
esp DR /

insoluble pigment of lipid/proteins is __ due to wear and tear
stains __ and is found in heart due to __

APC attempts to maintain low levels of __
vHL/MEN1 among others are ___

HTN crisis is DBP above __
leads to laminated __ and reduplicated BM
causes RAS w dec glomerular / and inc RAAS

selective arteriolar vasodilators H/M
low SVR but leads to reflexive __/__ activation
used most often for severe __ alongside S/D
enhance _ to distal tissues, thus may tx Raynaud
__ can cause dec CO and peripheral VC

A
tolerance
amylin
T2DM
DR/DQ
3/4

LIPOFUSCHIN
yellow brown
LIPID PEROXIDATION

B catenin

TUMOR SUPPRESSORS

130
smooth muscle cells
filtration, perfusion

hydralazine, minoxidil
SNS/RAAS
HTN
sympatholytic/diuretic
blood flow

BB

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9
Q

Psoriasis due to / activation and release of cytokines
keratinocyte __ are released w prolif, inflam, and angiogenesis occurring
see hyperparakertosis, acanthosis, elongation of __, mitotic activity above __ and dec __
Auspitz sign due to epidermal layer above dermis being __ w dilated BV
see __ in superficial dermis/SC aka Munro micro

Hemochromatosis due to mutation on chromo __
see __ due to panc islet destrxn, impotence, cardiac enlargement, cirrhosis
transferrin/ferritin/plasma Fe is__

think __ dz w early onset cirrhosis

primary spontaneous PTX due to large change in / pressure breaking visceral pleura
__ alveoli in apices have greatest pressure change, thus predisposed to __
esp occurs in __ males who smoke

compensatory __ is when lung expands to respond to lost volume

A
CD4/CD8
growth factors
rete ridges, basal layer
SG
thinned
PMN

6
diabetes mellitus
HIGH

Wilson

pleural/intrapleural
superficial
subpleural blebs
TALL

hyperinflation

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10
Q

P__ reactivates cholinesterase by decoupling organophosphate from the enzyme

pyrimidines are T/C
UV light forms dimers repaired via _ as endonuclease nicks both sides and removes dimer

deaminated bases repaired by __ via glycosylases creating AP site

__ is MCC of folate def of intake/recylcling
impairs NT synthesis for __ prodxn

measure __ and cortisol levels via dexameth suppression for Cushing
if ACTH is low, __ dz is occuring
if __, must use dexamethasone
pituitary adenoma will be suppressed by __ dex
tumors w ectopic ACTH prodxn will __
can also measure cortisol at __ for cushing syndrome

cushing dz is __

A

pralidoxime

thymidine, cytosine
NET

BER

Alcoholism
DNA

ACTH
primary

high
high dose
not suppress
NIGHTTIME

Pituitary adenoma

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11
Q

Immune complex RPGN is comp of P, S, I, H
see lumpy bumpy granular staining for __ and __
Pauci-immune has no __ deposits
think __/__

A

PSGN, SLE, IgA, HSP
Immune complexes, complement
immune complex/complement
GPA/MP

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