Tues Wk 6 Mixed 1 Flashcards
ADH V2 activation inserts __ on apical cells of CCT
if ADH is low, aquaporin 2 returns to cytoplasm via __\
PT absorbs __/__ thus TF is isotonic
descending LoH, __ is absorbed thus fluid is hypertonic
thin Ascending LoH reabsorbs __ forming hypotonic fluid
DCT absorbs __ thus LOWEST OSMOLARITY is achieved
w ADH, collecting duct is __ to water and forms hypertonic urine
this is primary region of __ due to ADH water reabsorption
\_\_ dz due to inc volume/pressure of endolymph due to dec \_\_ damages _/_ components triad of low freq \_\_ w fulnes V\_\_ w NV and \_\_ hearing loss
Acoustic neuroma causes __ sx of CN8
aquaporin 2 endocytosis water/electrolytes water electrolytes electrolytes highly permeable urine conc
meniere dz reabsorption vestibular/cochlear tinnitus vertigo sensorineural
PERSISTENT
BPPV due to __ in semicicrular canal
brief vertigo due to __
Labrynithitis is inflam of _
single episode of __ lasting days
COPD results in chronic inflam via //_ cells
release __ to cause alveolar damage (E) and inc mucus secretion (CB) w impaired cilia fxn
__ body is denatured Hb
NADPH is necessary to __ glutathione via GR to protect against oxidative damage
__ disorder is violation of norms/rights of others before 18
becomes __ disorder after 18
stimulus control therapy for sleep dissociates bedroom from __
ie only use for __ purpose
otoliths
head movement
vertigo
PMN, macros, CD8
enzymes
heinz
reduce
conduct
antisocial
stimulation
SLEEP
Sleep hygiene maintains regular \_\_ w out naps no \_\_ after lunch limit A/S/E before bed Relaxation use muscle \_\_ and breathing Sleep restriction is bed only for \_\_ inc time in bed if sleep \_\_ high
lack of Hib vaccine leads to __ diseases
__ in aged cheese causes HTN emergency and SNS stimulation
usually metabolized in GI tract by __ which degrades other MA
Can use MAOI in pt w / depression but inc risk of SNS hyperactivity
schedule caffeine alcohol, smoking, exercise contractions sleep efficiency
invasive
tyramine
monamine oxidase
atypical/tx resistant
1st pharyngeal pouch forms epithelium of _ and auditory tube, __ membrane, and epi of __
pharyngeal pouch 2 forms __ crypts
pharyngeal pouch 3 forms T and inferior parathyroid
Pharyngeal pouch 4 forms __ gland and ultimobranchial body
Kidney blood flow: _ arteries, arcuate arteries, _ arteries, AA, glomerular capillaries, __ arterioles, peritubular capillaries, interlobuar veins
as EA constriction inc past certain point, filtration of __ in GC inc capillary oncotic pressure
this can lead to __ GFR over time
Amphotercin b causes renal __ w dec GFR
can also be toxic w / and electrolyte disturbances
can switch to __ in pt who responds to amphotericin
middle ear, TM, external ear canal
palantine
thymus
superior parathyroid
interlobar, radial, efferent
plasma proteins
dec
vasoconstriction
ATN/DRTA
posaconazole
CN 7 exits skull via __ foramen
parotid gland tumors compress facial nerve leading to __
this indicates __ neoplasm
strabismus is deviation of __
due to abnorm in __
lung apex extends above __ and first rib
tension PTX dec __ to heart, thus dec CO
think __ artery injury w hoarseness due to close assc w RLN
IUS is smooth muscle innervated by __
SNS leads to __ while PNS leads to __
EUS is __ muscle
PNS also causes __ contraction to initiate micturation
stylomastoid
facial droop
malignant
eyes
EOM
clavicle
systemic venous return
inferior thyroid
ANS
contraction, relaxation
skeletal
detrusor
abrupt onset hematuria in pt w FH of SCD think __
due to obstruction of __ w ischemia
could be due to __ nephropathy, as NSAIDs dec RBF
may be due to __ w vasculopathy/hypoperfusion
P/UT __ can have edema that compresses vessels, leading to ischemia
see gray/yellow __ of distal 2/3 of pyramids due to coag necrosis
see scars as __ depressions form
sx due to sloughed __ w flank pain and dark urine
Fanconi syndrome triad _
Cornebacterium is gram _, _ positive, AEROBIC, and club shaped
has __ for Loffler medium
__ is breast mass in young women w well demarcated, painless, mobile mass
__ dependent, w myxoid stroma encircling glands
renal papillary necrosis renal vessels analgesic DM pyelonephritis, obstruction
necrosis
fibrous
papillae
hypophos, polyruria, acidosis
positive, catalase
metachromatic granules
fibroadenoma
estrogen
__ is malignant clonal cells surrounding an BM
myoepithelial layer is __
__ is ductal dilation w breast secretions and granulomatous inflam
__ carcinoma is vesicle, pleomorphic, cells w lymph infiltrate w pushing border
superficial DCIS spread to skin is __
__ adenosis is central acinar prolif w FIBROTIC tissue
Facial nerve is PNS to //_ salivary glands
somatic affarent of / in ear
__ is major RF for ARDS due to release of cytokines/enzymes w PMN __ to lungs
see hyaline membranes of _ and protein rich edema fluid w necrotic epithelial cells
pt w SIADH is __ due to release of natriuretic peptides
plasma osmo is __, urine osmo is __
DCIS
intact
mammary ectasia
medullary
Paget disease of breast
sclerosing
lacrimal, submandib, sublingual
pinna, external ear canal
pancreatitis
extravasation
fibrin exudate
euvoleic
low, HIGH
pt w PE has inflam, _ dysfxn and atalectasis of surrounding lung, which leads to worsening of RtL shunt
Tamoxifen/Raloxifene are __ inhibs of Estrogen binding
hypothalamic amenorrhea can occur w __ suppressing GnRH
__ and TF must bind promoter for trxn
in DM, nonenzymatic __ of proteins inc thickness/hyalinization and narrows arteries
leads to __ of endoneural arterioles w ischemic damage
IC __ occurs in PN, forming sorbitol
this leads to __ damage to axons/schwann cells
Autonomic PN leads to G/C, __ hypoTN and Urinary/sexual dysfxn
can have __ w bilateral involvement of Median/ulnar/common peroneal nerve
surfactant
competitive
excess excercise
RNA poly 2
glycosylation
microangiopathy
hyperglycemia
osmotic
gastroparesis, constipation, orthostatic
mononeuritis multiplex
Valproic acid blocks _ and inc _
Levetiracetem modulates /
Phenytoin/Valproate/Carb impair Na channels ability to recover from __
\_\_ is major morbidity/mortality cause of theophylline intox also assc w \_\_ tx w \_\_ to dec GI absorption use \_\_ to tx arrhythmias use _/_ for seizures
inflam infiltrate in endoneurium is __
__ are seen as myelin is engulfed
high maternal glucose in utero leads to islet __ w transient hypoglycemia
fetal __ and CV anomalies
__ regression, RDS and P__ may develop
retained foreign bodies can lead to __ formation
__ is released by activated macros to active others
Na channels, GABA
GABA/glutamate
inactivation
seizure arrhythmias charcoal BB benzo/barbs
GBS
lipid laden macrophages
hyperplasia
macrosomia
caudal, plycythemia
granuloma
TNFa
GI sx w yellow tinting of objects is __ toxicity
__ eliminated, thus must reduce doses in elderly
__ may not rise, as it is derived from muscle, which is low in elderly
ectopic endometrium responds to __ w bleeding/shedding forming blood collections
w hemolysis/inflam, __ form to distort organ structure/fxn
thus can lead to _
in US ligament, lead to __ uterus
pt w endometrial hyperplasia has __ bleeding
Congenital __ has neonatal deafness, PDA, cataracts along w microcephaly
use IFNa for / virus, H_, C, and K
digoxin
renal
creatinine
hormones
adhesions
infertility
RETROFLEXED
intermenstrual
rubella
HepB/HepC, HCL, condyloma acuminata, kaposi sarcoma
cough SE in ACEI due to __/__ accumulation
__ is benign tumor of meningthelial cells of arachnoid
look for whorled __
found at F, P, lateral convexities
__ due to obstructed cortex and HA/N/V due to inc ICP
__ is suprasellar tumor w cord/nests of palisading squamous epithelium
looks like __ keratin
__ is paraventricular tumor w perivasc rosettes
__ is in cerebral hemi that crosses corpus callosum
see hypercellular area w bordering __ (pseudopalisading)
__ is cerebellar tumor w small blue cells and HW rosettes
bradykinin, substance P
meningioma psamomma bodies falcine, parasagittal seizure nausea/vomiting
craniopharyngioma
wet
ependymomas
glioblastoma
necrosis
medulloblastoma
__ tumor found in white matter w fried egg cells
__ is in cerebellum of kids
eosinophilic granular bodies w hair like __ fibers
spindle cells w palisading nuclei around __ bodies and eosinophilic Antoni A pattern is Schwannoma
think _ w goat hair exposure
spores ingested by alveolar macros and cause __ mediastinitis
sx include wide __ w bloody pleural effusion, septic shock, death
capsule is __
__ type org, w nonhemolysing adherent colonies
long chains look like __
Proteus has perticious __
oligodendrogliomas
pilocytic astrocytoma
rosenthal
verocay
B anthracis hemorrhagic mediastinum anti-d glutamic acid aerobic medusa head
flagella
IL2 produced by __ to help grow CD4/CD8 and NK cells
thus, can use A__ for met melanoma/RCC to cause anti-tumor effect
__ is antiCD52 for CLL
cytotoxic to stimlate __ and ab dependent cell mediated cytotixicity
can use __ to inc MHC1/2 expression
IL1/IL6 are __ to promote fever
OSA leads to pulm __ w endothelial dysfxn and abnormal venous return due to SNS cardiac stimulation
lose __ variation in BP
systemic HTN due to high levels of __
also see SCD and __/arrhythmias
helper t cells
aldesleukin
Alemtuzumab
complement
IFNg
acute phase reactants
vasoconstriction
diurnal
NE
A fib
__ is MCC of spontaneous lobar hemorrhage
usually in / lobes
due to __ deposition walls of cerebral arteries w vessel weaking/rupture
brain __ seen in kids w intracranial hemorrhage
infarct strokes cause __ sx, while hemorrhagic strokes are persistent sx
__ is prog headache/NV w nonlocalizeable neuro sx like confusion
no evidence of __
cerebral amyloid angiopathy
occipital/parietal
B amyloid
AVM
waxing/waning
HTN encephalopathy
hemorrhage
