Tues Wk 6 Mixed 2 Flashcards
trachea develops from primitive \_\_ separates to form \_\_ and esophagus failure to separate leads to _ look for P, C/C/C confirm dx w xray showing NG tube in \_\_ also see stomach \_\_ as air flows rom trachea to esophagus
__ is inspiratory stridor ue to collapse of supraglottic structures
worse when __
PT __ and vacuole degen in pt w ARF is ATN
w ethylene glycol poisioning, pt presents like normal __ pt
later gets __ w high AGAP
UA shows tubular casts and __ crystals
foregut respiratory tract TEF polhydramnios, coughing/choking and crying atretic esophagus bubble
laryngeomalacia
supine
ballooning
alcoholic
ARF
Ca oxalate
Uric acid precipitates in __, usually DT/CD
prevent accumulation of //_ in TLS via prophylactic allopurinol along w hydration/alkalinization
PD1 expressed on __ of T cell
binds to PDL1 to dec IS response by inhibiting __
thus, antibody can prevent __ to block T cell inhibition and promoting apoptosis
similar to __ that binds B7 to inhibit t cells
excess __ in PCOS results in anovulatory cycles w dec progesterone sec
thus pt at inc risk of __
persistence of glandular columnar epi in vagina is precursor for __
due to __ exposure
acidic environment
K/Phos/UA
surface
cytotixic t cells
binding
CTLA4
androgens
endometrial carcinoma
vaginal adenosis
DES
MAOI degrade MAO __
thus, takes 2 wk before new enzyme is __
pt must have _ period to prevent SS upon switching to SSRI
NT receptors __ in response to chronic high levels of hormone normally
__ allows elasticity in skin/BV/pulm alveoli
many __ amino acids that are NOT hydroxylated
after __ is formed, secreted to EC space to interact w fibrillin
lysyl __ deaminates lysine residues, thus forming desmosine cross links for rubbery nature
estrogen stimulates __ of stratum functionale
non branching, non budding uniform __ thoughout stroma
in mid phase, glands are __ and lined w PS, mitotically active cells
stroma is non__ and spiral arteries are in deep layers
at ovulation, endometrium has coiled __ w cytoplasmic vacuoles
irreversibly
synthesized
washout
downregulate
elastin
nonpolar
tropoelastin
oxidase
proliferation glands narrow/elongated edematous arteries
secretory phase has __ to develop endometrium
glands become __ and more coiled
see large __ w glycogen rich mucus
stroma is highly __ w prominent spiral arteries
H/I/P are highly linked to DILE
due to slow __
look for presence of / antibodies to differentiate w SLE
__ is MCC of tubal factor infertility
Congenital absence of vas deferens seen w low sperm __ and acidic pH
_ plexus lies in fascia of prostate from inferior hypogastric plexus
lesser/greater __ nerves arise and innervate CC/urethra
carry postgang __ fibers for penile erection
thus, injury to prostatic plexus leads to __
__ nerve innervates external U/A sphincter, sensory to genitalia
progesterone
large
vacuolization
edematous
hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide
acetylation
anti-histone, anti-dsDNA
PID
volume
prostatic
cavernous
PNS
ERECTILE DYSFXN
pudendal
__ fascia is floor of Hesselbach triangle
thus, weakness can cause __
only pass through __ inguinal ring
thus only covered in __ where all 3 layers found w IIH
femoral hernia are medial to __ and lateral to lacunar lig
Right subclavian vein/IJ vein drain into __ vein
EJ vein empties into __ v
brachiocephalic vein also drains __ from right upper body
can become obstructed to produce / swelling
blockage of subclavian vein would lead to unilateral __
blockage of IVJ would lead to __
SVC ONLY OCCURS WHEN __ sides of body affected
TRANSVERSALIS DIRECT INGUINAL HERNIA SUPERFICIAL EXTERNAL femoral sheath
brachiocephalic subclavian lymph FACE/ARM arm swelling face swelling BOTH
MAIN TOXIN OF C PERFRINGENS IS __
leads to necrotic/__ effect by splitting phospholipids
prodxn of gas comes from metabolism of __
S aureus _ is superantigen in GI tract
use __ for Lyme dz in pregnant women
Doxy binds to / in teeth to cause staining
Aminoglycosides can damage CN __ in utero
parvoB19 in fetus interrupts __ w profound anemia/CHF
leads to __ and death
Fetal varicella syndrome is __ hypoplasia, microcephaly, and __
BLUEBERRY MUFFIN RASH IS __
deafness, periventricular Ca, jaundice/HSM, chorioretinitis is __
LECITHINASE
gas gangrene
carbohydrates
ENTEROTOXIN
amoxicillin
enamel/dentin
8
limb, chorioretinitis
RUBELLA
CMV
Goodpasture dz is autoantibodies against __ chain of type 4 collagen
see linear __/_ on GBM
Hb in alveoli leads to inc O2 __ and inc DLCO
S, Adrenocortical, F, and L also express LDL receptor
severity of MS is time bw __ and opening snap
due to tensing of _ as MV reaches maximal diameter
as LA pressures rise, OS occurs __
__ accentuation is also importnat, as it disappears when MS becomes more severe
bacterial __ components cause massive inflam response in CNS
can use __ to reduce inflam cytokines
not as useful w __ as the thinner cell wall (no teichoic acid) releases less cytokines
use therapeutic __ after hypoxic/ischemic CNS injury
dec __ activity w dec strain
alpha 3
IgG/C3
uptake
smooth muscle, fibroblasts, lymphocytes
A2
chordae tendinae
earlier
presystolic
subcapsular
dexamethasone
gram negatives
hypothermia
metabolic
Inflammation in meningitis loosens __ thus allowing antibiotic penetration
__ incompetence is primary pathophys mech for GERD
look for basal __, elongation of __, scattered eosinophils
due to relaxation of __
think __ w atrophy of esophagus
PPI does not improve __ esophagitis
think Pill induced esophagitis w T/KCl and B
Paracoccidioides brasilensis is __ fungus
found in C/S America w mucocutaneous/cutaneous _
biopsy shows cells w budding __
spaghetti and meatball short hyphae w spores indicates __
BBB
GE jxn
hyperplasia, lamina propria
LES
systemic sclerosis
eosinophilic
tetracyclines, bisphosphonates
dimorphic
ulcers
blastoconidia
Malassezia
M__ is PROG ANTAG
results in apoptosis/necrosis of uterine __ to term preg
use w M_ a PGE1 analog to soften cervix and inc uterine contractions
_ is CCB w Indomethacin to stop preterm labor
low __ stops myosin kinase phosphorylation w myometrial relaxation
indomethacin stops __ thus dec uterine contractions
use __ to stop troph division w dec trophoblast survival
this encourages __ to tx ectopic pregnancy
may use w __ to terminate
renal vasoconstriction dec renal __
results in release of __ to constrict EA to try and maintain GFR
thus, dec in __ is less pronounced, and FF is inc
MIFEPRISTONE
DECIDUALIS
misoprostal
nifedipine
Ca
prostagland prodxn
MTX
expulsion
misoprostol
plasma flow
AT2
GFR
S3 is forceful, rapid __ exceeding capacity of ventricle
S4 is atria contracting against __ ventricle
M3 receptors are present n _ surface
stimulation releases __ w cGMP inc
activates myosin light chain __ w dephosphorylate myosin and smooth muscle RELAXATION
promotes __ which can lead to somnolence w dec cerebral perfusion
M2 receptors in heart stimulated to dec __
opens __ channels to slow depolarization w dec inotropy/chronotropy
block of M3 in skin leads to __ due to dec sweating
adenosine activates K channels to cause membrane __ to slow sinus rate
Class 1B antiarrhythmics have weak __ block activity
also shorten __ to dec AP duration
FILLING
noncompliant
endothelial
NO
phosphatase
hypoTN
contraction
K
Fever
hyperpolarization
na channel
repolarization
RNA __ is mech w noncoding RNA inducing posttrxn gene silencing
includes miRNA and __
miRNA is processed to form __ precursor and taken to cytoplasm
precursor is cleaved to short RNA helix via __
individual strands incorporated into __ complex that binds complementary RNA sequences
matches can __ mRNA or cause trxn repression
this is POSTTRXN __
Proteosomes degrade N/C proteins
Lysosomes degrade cell organelles and __ proteins
haptoglobin __ when Hb is released in circulation
interference siRNA double stranded dicer RISC destroy SILENCING
nuclear, cytoplasmic
extracellular
increases
PDGF is released by / and endothelial cells
this stimulates __ from media to enter intima and proliferate and form a atheroma
NF2 codes for __ on chromo 22
p53 is on chromo __ and is assc w B/S/B/L/A tumors
H1 is __ that aids in packaging of nucleosomes
Tabes dorsalis damages dorsal __/__ w sensory ataxia/absent DTR
__ sharp, shooting pains
can see neurogenic __ and Argyll Robertson pupil
may have __ pleocytosis in CSF
platelets/macros
smooth muscle cells
merlin
17, brain/breast/sarcoma/adrenocortical, leukemia
linker
column/roots
lancinating
urinary incont
lymphocytic
chronic HTN leads to arteriolar __ w fibrinoid necrosis and weaking of walls
AE of nitrates include __ w flushing and __/lightheadedness
may have reflex __
avoid in __ due to outflow obstruction
or __ infarct due to dec output
hyalinization
HA, hypoTN
tacchycardia
HCM
RV
